Assessing the vulnerability of solar inverters to EMPs: Port testing, PCI modeling, and protection strategies

Qiu, Wei; Zhang, Liang; Yin, He; Liao, Dahan; Markel, Lawrence C.; McConnell, Ben W.; Liu, Yilu

doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2023.113931

Title: Assessing the vulnerability of solar inverters to EMPs: Port testing, PCI modeling, and protection strategies

Journal Article · 23 November 2023 · Measurement

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2023.113931 · OSTI ID:2267625

^[1];

^[1]; Liao, Dahan ^[1]; Markel, Lawrence C. ^[2]; McConnell, Ben W. ^[2]; Liu, Yilu ^[3]

Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Renewable energy sources are becoming an ever-larger contributor to the power grid. These renewable energy sources depend upon the power electronic devices, specifically inverters, being essential for connecting Photovoltaic (PV) generation to the grid. However, the Electromagnetic Pulses (EMPs) caused by the high-altitude nuclear explosions can generate fast broad-band pulses with nanosecond rise time, potentially causing damage or destruction to electronic components. To assess the vulnerability of PV inverters to high-altitude EMPs, the port testing and Pulsed Current Injection (PCI) modeling schemes are proposed based on the port impedance analysis. Wide-band frequency measurements are achieved by fusing impedance results from three vector network analyzers. Then, a PCI model is used to simulate the induced response to EMP, with two typical immunity levels of EC5 and EC8 tested. Here, the experiment successfully excites the induced voltage and current under EMP, where the voltage and current can reach 1500V/40A and 8000V/150Aunder EC5 andEC8, respectively. The port vulnerability analysis results demonstrate that only some ports can survive under EC5. To defend against the impact of EMP, three protection strategies are discussed.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 2267625

Journal Information:: Measurement, Journal Name: Measurement Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 224; ISSN 0263-2241

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Assessing the vulnerability of solar inverters to EMPs: Port testing, PCI modeling, and protection strategies

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