Dynamics of quarks and gauge fields in the lowest-energy states in QED and QCD interactions

Wong, Cheuk-Yin; Koshelkin, Andrew V.

doi:10.1140/epja/s10050-023-01180-8

Title: Dynamics of quarks and gauge fields in the lowest-energy states in QED and QCD interactions

Journal Article · 04 December 2023 · European Physical Journal. A, Hadrons and Nuclei (Online)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-023-01180-8 · OSTI ID:2251658

Wong, Cheuk-Yin ^[1]; Koshelkin, Andrew V. ^[2]

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI", Moscow (Russian Federation)

We examine the dynamics of quarks and gauge fields in the lowest energy states in the QED and QCD interactions by combining Schwinger’s longitudinal confinement in (1+1)D with Polyakov’s transverse confinement in (2+1)D in a “stretch (2+1)D” flux tube model in (3+1)D. For such QED and QCD systems in the flux tube configuration with cylindrical symmetry, we separate out the transverse and longitudinal degrees of freedom, approximate the non-Abelian QCD in the quasi-Abelian approximation, and solve the derived equations to study the collective excitations. Here, we find stable collective QED and QCD excitations showing up as confined QED and QCD mesons, in support of previous theoretical studies and recent observations of the anomalous hypothetical X17 and E38 particles. Future theoretical lattice gauge calculations of QED in (3+1)D with the inclusion of the Schwinger longitudinal confinement mechanism and experimental confirmation of the hypothetical X17 and E38 particles will shed definitive light on quark confinement in the QED interaction in (3+1)D.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 2251658

Journal Information:: European Physical Journal. A, Hadrons and Nuclei (Online), Vol. 59, Issue 12; ISSN 1434-601X

Publisher:: Springer NatureCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS
Quarks and gauge fields in QCD and QED interactions
Schwinger QED confinement in (1+1)D
Polyakov QED confinement in (2+1)D
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Hypothetical X17
Hypothetical E38 particles

Title: Dynamics of quarks and gauge fields in the lowest-energy states in QED and QCD interactions

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