Low temperature hydrogen superpermeation in vanadium composite metal foil pumps

Li, Chao; Douglas Way, J.; Fuerst, Thomas F.; Wolden, Colin A.

doi:10.1016/j.nme.2023.101529

Title: Low temperature hydrogen superpermeation in vanadium composite metal foil pumps

Journal Article · 28 September 2023 · Nuclear Materials and Energy

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2023.101529 · OSTI ID:2246899

Li, Chao ^[1]; Douglas Way, J. ^[1]; Fuerst, Thomas F. ^[2];

^[1]

Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (United States)
Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)

Palladium-based foil membranes are an effective option for hydrogen isotope recovery from the plasma exhaust of future fusion plants, but cost and availability are concerns. Vanadium (V) is a relatively low cost, neutron tolerant material with high hydrogen permeability. It has been well-studied as a superpermeable membrane at high temperature (>500 °C), but V displays negligible superpermeation at low temperature (75–200 °C) due to catalytic limitations. Composite membranes were fabricated by depositing thin layers (~100 nm) of either Pd or BCC PdCu on sputter-cleaned vanadium foils (100 μm). Symmetric membranes elevated superpermeation to levels approaching bulk Pd or PdCu foils, with ~5X higher flux in the latter reflecting the superior properties of PdCu. Asymmetric membranes revealed that the Pd-based catalyst layer was critical for both efficient absorption of superthermal hydrogen upstream as well as catalyzing re-combinative desorption downstream. At T ≥ 150 °C composite membrane superpermeation was equivalent to the Pd-based foils, but the flux was attenuated by a factor of 2-3X as the temperature was reduced. This deviation from pure foil performance coincided with the formation of vanadium hydride (β-V₂H), which also impacted the transient response. Nevertheless, no embrittlement was observed under the conditions examined and elevating the temperature >150 °C removed the hydride and restored full performance. The achievement of palladium-level performance with a >99% reduction in Pd inventory makes these V composite metal foils pumps an attractive option for low temperature hydrogen isotope recovery in future fusion plants.

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Research Organization:: Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC07-05ID14517; AR0001368

OSTI ID:: 2246899

Report Number(s):: INL/JOU-23-74074-Rev000; TRN: US2407660

Journal Information:: Nuclear Materials and Energy, Vol. 37; ISSN 2352-1791

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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