Frequency-bin photonic quantum information

Lu, Hsuan-Hao; Liscidini, Marco; Gaeta, Alexander L.; Weiner, Andrew M.; Lukens, Joseph M.

doi:10.1364/optica.506096

Title: Frequency-bin photonic quantum information

Journal Article · 14 December 2023 · Optica

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.506096 · OSTI ID:2229983

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Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Università di Pavia (Italy)
Columbia University, New York, NY (United States)
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (United States)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ (United States)

Discrete frequency modes, or bins, present a blend of opportunities and challenges for photonic quantum information processing. Frequency-bin-encoded photons are readily generated by integrated quantum light sources, naturally high-dimensional, stable in optical fiber, and massively parallelizable in a single spatial mode. Yet quantum operations on frequency-bin states require coherent and controllable multifrequency interference, making them significantly more challenging to manipulate than more traditional spatial degrees of freedom. In this mini-review, we describe recent developments that have transformed these challenges and propelled frequency bins forward. Focusing on sources, manipulation schemes, and detection approaches, we introduce the basics of frequency-bin encoding, summarize the state of the art, and speculate on the field’s next phases. Given the combined progress in integrated photonics, high-fidelity quantum gates, and proof-of-principle demonstrations, frequency-bin quantum information is poised to emerge from the lab and leave its mark on practical quantum information processing—particularly in networking where frequency bins offer unique tools for multiplexing, interconnects, and high-dimensional communications.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR); National Science Foundation (NSF); Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); Ministero dell’Università e della Ricerca

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; ERKJ353; ERKJ381; ECCS-2034019; PHY-2110615; FA8750-20-P-1705; PE0000023-NQSTI; C2QA

OSTI ID:: 2229983

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2251603

Journal Information:: Optica, Vol. 10, Issue 12; ISSN 2334-2536

Publisher:: Optical Society of AmericaCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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