Virtual Volumetric Additive Manufacturing (VirtualVAM)

Weisgraber, Todd H.; de Beer, Martin P.; Huang, Sijia; Karnes, John J.; Cook, Caitlyn C.; Shusteff, Maxim

doi:10.1002/admt.202301054

Title: Virtual Volumetric Additive Manufacturing (VirtualVAM)

Journal Article · 06 October 2023 · Advanced Materials Technologies

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202301054 · OSTI ID:2229973

Weisgraber, Todd H. ^[1]; de Beer, Martin P. ^[1];

^[1]; Karnes, John J. ^[1]; Cook, Caitlyn C. ^[1]; Shusteff, Maxim ^[1]

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Tomographic volumetric additive manufacturing (VAM) produces arbitrary 3D geometries by exposure of a rotating volume of photopolymer resin to tomographically-patterned illumination. This enables high speed, layer-less printing of parts from a wide range of photopolymers not amenable to layer-by-layer processes. Since the entire geometry is produced at once over the course of a few seconds to minutes, molecular diffusion length scales become significant to the printing process. Understanding these molecular reaction and diffusion processes is imperative for advancing VAM to a usable technology. These processes are experimentally very difficult to monitor and measure. Herein, VirtualVAM - a simulation framework for modeling the tomographic VAM process, is developed and experimentally validated. VirtualVAM simulates reaction, diffusion, and heat generation processes over the course of a print with single-voxel resolution. From a few experimentally-determined input parameters and a set of images for projection, VirtualVAM is able to generate a large spatio-temporal data set for any given tomographic VAM print. Using VirtualVAM, a number of experimentally-unattainable aspects of the VAM process are investigated such as single-voxel conversion profiles, effect of molecular oxygen, and stopping time determination. VirtualVAM also enables the optimization of exposure patterns to further improve contrast between in-part and out-of-part delivered dose.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; 19-ERD-012; 22-ERD-044

OSTI ID:: 2229973

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2205298; OSTI ID: 2246691

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-849190; 1074337

Journal Information:: Advanced Materials Technologies, Vol. 8, Issue 23; ISSN 2365-709X

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Virtual Volumetric Additive Manufacturing (VirtualVAM)

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