Hyperbolic exciton polaritons in a van der Waals magnet

Ruta, Francesco L.; Zhang, Shuai; Shao, Yinming; Moore, Samuel L.; Acharya, Swagata; Sun, Zhiyuan; Qiu, Siyuan; Geurs, Johannes; Kim, Brian S. Y.; Fu, Matthew; Chica, Daniel G.; Pashov, Dimitar; Xu, Xiaodong; Xiao, Di; Delor, Milan; Zhu, X-Y.; Millis, Andrew J.; Roy, Xavier; Hone, James C.; Dean, Cory R.; Katsnelson, Mikhail I.; van Schilfgaarde, Mark; Basov, D. N.

doi:10.1038/s41467-023-44100-6

Title: Hyperbolic exciton polaritons in a van der Waals magnet

Journal Article · 12 December 2023 · Nature Communications

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44100-6 · OSTI ID:2229831

;

; Acharya, Swagata;

; Qiu, Siyuan; Geurs, Johannes;

; Fu, Matthew; Chica, Daniel G.;

; Xu, Xiaodong;

; Delor, Milan;

;

Abstract Exciton polaritons are quasiparticles of photons coupled strongly to bound electron-hole pairs, manifesting as an anti-crossing light dispersion near an exciton resonance. Highly anisotropic semiconductors with opposite-signed permittivities along different crystal axes are predicted to host exotic modes inside the anti-crossing called hyperbolic exciton polaritons (HEPs), which confine light subdiffractionally with enhanced density of states. Here, we show observational evidence of steady-state HEPs in the van der Waals magnet chromium sulfide bromide (CrSBr) using a cryogenic near-infrared near-field microscope. At low temperatures, in the magnetically-ordered state, anisotropic exciton resonances sharpen, driving the permittivity negative along one crystal axis and enabling HEP propagation. We characterize HEP momentum and losses in CrSBr, also demonstrating coupling to excitonic sidebands and enhancement by magnetic order: which boosts exciton spectral weight via wavefunction delocalization. Our findings open new pathways to nanoscale manipulation of excitons and light, including routes to magnetic, nonlocal, and quantum polaritonics.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC36-08GO28308; SC0018426; SC0019443

OSTI ID:: 2229831

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA--5K00-88152; 8261; PII: 44100

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Journal Name: Nature Communications Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 14; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS
GENERAL PHYSICS
Van der Waals magnet
hyperbolic exciton
magnetic properties and materials
polaritons
sub-wavelength optics
two-dimensional materials

Title: Hyperbolic exciton polaritons in a van der Waals magnet

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