Uncovering the mechanism of selective stabilization of high-energy diastereoisomers via inclusion

Journal Article · 12 December 2023 · Theoretical Chemistry Accounts

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00214-023-03077-7 · OSTI ID:2229829

Oakley, Meagan S.; Oakes, Madaline R.; Wagner, Brian D.; Pearson, Jason K.

Abstract Supramolecular systems may be used to stabilize otherwise unstable isomers to find alternative synthetic pathways. It has been reported that cucurbit[8]uril can stabilize trans -I and trans -II Cu $$$$^{{\textrm{II}}}$$$$ ${}^{\text{II}}$ cyclam, whereas trans -III is the only non-substituted trans Cu $$$$^{{\textrm{II}}}$$$$ ${}^{\text{II}}$ cyclam diastereoisomer found outside of the host molecule experimentally. Quantum chemistry methods can provide valuable insight into the intermolecular interactions involved in these inclusion complexes. All five possible trans diastereoisomers of Cu $$$$^{{\textrm{II}}}$$$$ ${}^{\text{II}}$ cyclam were studied within the host molecule to calculate the interaction energy and free energy of association for each complex. The relative free energies of the five free cyclams confirm that trans -I and trans -II are the most energetically accessible diastereoisomers from the initial trans -III starting point. Energy decomposition analysis was used to identify the attractive and repulsive interactions between cyclam and cucurbit[8]uril and showed that trans -II encounters repulsive forces almost three times greater than trans -I, which may explain the 7:3 ratio of trans -I to trans -II within cucurbit[8]uril that occurs experimentally. Optimized complex geometries with trans -III, IV, and V show that the cyclams protrude out of cucurbit[8]uril, whereas trans -I and trans -II become more encapsulated and elongate the host, suggesting that the position of the cyclam is extremely important when forming non-covalent interactions. Our results agree with the experimental findings and provide greater insight into why the most stable isolated cyclam diastereoisomer, trans -III, does not form a complex.

• Research Organization: Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC)
• Grant/Contract Number: FG02-17ER16362; SC0008688
• OSTI ID: 2229829
• Alternate ID(s): OSTI ID: 2472083
• Journal Information: Theoretical Chemistry Accounts, Journal Name: Theoretical Chemistry Accounts Vol. 143 Journal Issue: 1; ISSN 1432-881X
• Publisher: Springer Science + Business MediaCopyright Statement
• Country of Publication: Germany
• Language: English