Microbial growth under drought is confined to distinct taxa and modified by potential future climate conditions

Metze, Dennis; Schnecker, Jörg; Canarini, Alberto; Fuchslueger, Lucia; Koch, Benjamin J.; Stone, Bram W.; Hungate, Bruce A.; Hausmann, Bela; Schmidt, Hannes; Schaumberger, Andreas; Bahn, Michael; Kaiser, Christina; Richter, Andreas

doi:10.1038/s41467-023-41524-y

Title: Microbial growth under drought is confined to distinct taxa and modified by potential future climate conditions

Journal Article · 21 September 2023 · Nature Communications

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41524-y · OSTI ID:2229517

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University of Vienna (Austria)
Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna (Austria)
Agricultural Research and Education Centre Raumberg-Gumpenstein, Irdning (Austria)
University of Innsbruck (Austria)
University of Vienna (Austria); International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg (Austria)

Climate change increases the frequency and intensity of drought events, affecting soil functions including carbon sequestration and nutrient cycling, which are driven by growing microorganisms. Yet we know little about microbial responses to drought due to methodological limitations. Here, we estimate microbial growth rates in montane grassland soils exposed to ambient conditions, drought, and potential future climate conditions (i.e., soils exposed to 6 years of elevated temperatures and elevated CO₂ levels). For this purpose, we combined ¹⁸O-water vapor equilibration with quantitative stable isotope probing (termed ‘vapor-qSIP’) to measure taxon-specific microbial growth in dry soils. In our experiments, drought caused >90% of bacterial and archaeal taxa to stop dividing and reduced the growth rates of persisting ones. Under drought, growing taxa accounted for only 4% of the total community as compared to 35% in the controls. Drought-tolerant communities were dominated by specialized members of the Actinobacteriota, particularly the genus Streptomyces. Six years of pre-exposure to future climate conditions (3 °C warming and + 300 ppm atmospheric CO₂) alleviated drought effects on microbial growth, through more drought-tolerant taxa across major phyla, accounting for 9% of the total community. Our results provide insights into the response of active microbes to drought today and in a future climate, and highlight the importance of studying drought in combination with future climate conditions to capture interactive effects and improve predictions of future soil-climate feedbacks.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 2229517

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA--193057

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Journal Name: Nature Communications Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 14; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Microbial growth under drought is confined to distinct taxa and modified by potential future climate conditions

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