Constraining High-energy Neutrino Emission from Supernovae with IceCube

Journal Article · 22 May 2023 · The Astrophysical Journal. Letters

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acd2c9 · OSTI ID:2228598

Abbasi, R.  ^[1]; Ackermann, M. ; Adams, J.; Agarwalla, S. K. ; Aguilar, J. A. ; Ahlers, M. ; Alameddine, J. M. ; Amin, N. M.; Andeen, K.; Anton, G. ; Argüelles, C. ; Ashida, Y.; Athanasiadou, S.; Axani, S. N. ; Bai, X. ; V., A. Balagopal ; Baricevic, M.; Barwick, S. W. ; Basu, V. ; Bay, R. ; Beatty, J. J. ; Becker, K. -H.; Tjus, J. Becker ; Beise, J. ; Bellenghi, C. ; BenZvi, S. ; Berley, D.; Bernardini, E. ; Besson, D. Z. ; Binder, G.; Bindig, D.; Blaufuss, E. ; Blot, S. ; Bontempo, F.; Book, J. Y. ; Meneguolo, C. Boscolo ; Böser, S. ; Botner, O. ; Böttcher, J.; Bourbeau, E.; Braun, J.; Brinson, B.; Brostean-Kaiser, J.; Burley, R. T.; Busse, R. S.; Butterfield, D.; Campana, M. A. ; Carloni, K.; Carnie-Bronca, E. G.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chen, C. ; Chen, Z. ; Chirkin, D. ; Choi, S.; Clark, B. A. ; Classen, L.; Coleman, A. ; Collin, G. H.; Connolly, A.; Conrad, J. M. ; Coppin, P. ; Correa, P. ; Countryman, S.; Cowen, D. F. ; Dave, P. ; De Clercq, C. ; DeLaunay, J. J. ; Delgado López, D. ; Dembinski, H. ; Deoskar, K.; Desai, A. ; Desiati, P. ; de Vries, K. D. ; de Wasseige, G. ; DeYoung, T. ; Diaz, A. ; Díaz-Vélez, J. C. ; Dittmer, M.; Domi, A.; Dujmovic, H. ; DuVernois, M. A. ; Ehrhardt, T.; Eller, P. ; Engel, R.; Erpenbeck, H.; Evans, J.; Evenson, P. A. ; Fan, K. L. ; Fang, K. ; Fazely, A. R. ; Fedynitch, A. ; Feigl, N.; Fiedlschuster, S.; Finley, C. ; Fischer, L.; Fox, D. ; Franckowiak, A. ; Friedman, E.; Fritz, A.; Fürst, P.; Gaisser, T. K. ; Gallagher, J.; Ganster, E. ; Garcia, A. ; Garrappa, S. ; Gerhardt, L.; Ghadimi, A. ; Glaser, C. ; Glauch, T. ; Glüsenkamp, T. ; Goehlke, N.; Gonzalez, J. G.; Goswami, S. ; Grant, D.; Gray, S. J. ; Griffin, S.; Griswold, S. ; Günther, C.; Gutjahr, P. ; Haack, C.; Hallgren, A. ; Halliday, R.; Halve, L. ; Halzen, F. ; Hamdaoui, H. ; Minh, M. Ha; Hanson, K.; Hardin, J.; Harnisch, A. A.; Hatch, P.; Haungs, A. ; Helbing, K. ; Hellrung, J.; Henningsen, F. ; Heuermann, L.; Hickford, S.; Hidvegi, A.; Hill, C. ; Hill, G. C.; Hoffman, K. D.; Hoshina, K.; Hou, W. ; Huber, T. ; Hultqvist, K. ; Hünnefeld, M.; Hussain, R.; Hymon, K.; In, S.; Iovine, N. ; Ishihara, A.; Jacquart, M.; Jansson, M.; Japaridze, G. S. ; Jayakumar, K.; Jeong, M.; Jin, M. ; Jones, B. P. ; Kang, D. ; Kang, W. ; Kang, X.; Kappes, A. ; Kappesser, D.; Kardum, L.; Karg, T. ; Karl, M. ; Karle, A. ; Katz, U. ; Kauer, M. ; Kelley, J. L. ; Zathul, A. Khatee; Kheirandish, A. ; Kin, K.; Kiryluk, J. ; Klein, S. R. ; Kochocki, A. ; Koirala, R. ; Kolanoski, H. ; Kontrimas, T. ; Köpke, L. ; Kopper, C. ; Koskinen, D. J. ; Koundal, P. ; Kovacevich, M. ; Kowalski, M. ; Kozynets, T.; Kruiswijk, K.; Krupczak, E.; Kumar, A. ; Kun, E. ; Kurahashi, N. ; Lad, N.; Lagunas Gualda, C. ; Lamoureux, M. ; Larson, M. J. ; Lauber, F. ; Lazar, J. P. ; Lee, J. W. ; DeHolton, K. Leonard ; Leszczyńska, A. ; Lincetto, M.; Liu, Q. R. ; Liubarska, M.; Lohfink, E. ; Love, C.; Mariscal, C. Lozano; Lu, L. ; Lucarelli, F. ; Ludwig, A. ; Luszczak, W. ; Lyu, Y. ; Ma, W. Y. ; Madsen, J. ; Mahn, K. M.; Makino, Y.; Mancina, S.; Sainte, W. Marie; Mariş, I. C. ; Marka, S.; Marka, Z.; Marsee, M.; Martinez-Soler, I.; Maruyama, R. ; Mayhew, F.; McElroy, T.; McNally, F. ; Mead, J. V.; Meagher, K. ; Mechbal, S.; Medina, A.; Meier, M. ; Meighen-Berger, S. ; Merckx, Y.; Merten, L. ; Micallef, J.; Mockler, D.; Montaruli, T. ; Moore, R. W. ; Morii, Y.; Morse, R.; Moulai, M. ; Mukherjee, T.; Naab, R. ; Nagai, R. ; Nakos, M.; Naumann, U.; Necker, J. ; Neumann, M.; Niederhausen, H. ; Nisa, M. U. ; Noell, A.; Nowicki, S. C. ; Pollmann, A. Obertacke ; O’Dell, V.; Oehler, M.; Oeyen, B. ; Olivas, A.; Orsoe, R.; Osborn, J.; O’Sullivan, E. ; Pandya, H. ; Park, N. ; Parker, G. K.; Paudel, E. N. ; Paul, L.; de los Heros, C. Pérez ; Peterson, J. ; Philippen, S. ; Pieper, S.; Pizzuto, A. ; Plum, M. ; Popovych, Y.; Prado Rodriguez, M.; Pries, B. ; Procter-Murphy, R.; Przybylski, G. T.; Raab, C. ; Rack-Helleis, J.; Rawlins, K.; Rechav, Z.; Rehman, A. ; Reichherzer, P.; Renzi, G.; Resconi, E. ; Reusch, S. ; Rhode, W. ; Richman, M.; Riedel, B. ; Roberts, E. J.; Robertson, S.; Rodan, S.; Roellinghoff, G.; Rongen, M. ; Rott, C. ; Ruhe, T.; Ruohan, L.; Ryckbosch, D. ; Safa, I. ; Saffer, J.; Salazar-Gallegos, D. ; Sampathkumar, P.; Sanchez Herrera, S. E.; Sandrock, A. ; Santander, M. ; Sarkar, S. ; Sarkar, S. ; Savelberg, J.; Savina, P.; Schaufel, M.; Schieler, H. ; Schindler, S. ; Schlüter, B.; Schmidt, T.; Schneider, J. ; Schröder, F. G. ; Schumacher, L. ; Schwefer, G. ; Sclafani, S. ; Seckel, D.; Seunarine, S.; Sharma, A. ; Shefali, S.; Shimizu, N.; Silva, M. ; Skrzypek, B.; Smithers, B. ; Snihur, R.; Soedingrekso, J. ; Søgaard, A.; Soldin, D. ; Sommani, G. ; Spannfellner, C.; Spiczak, G. M. ; Spiering, C. ; Stamatikos, M.; Stanev, T.; Stasik, A. ; Stein, R. ; Stezelberger, T. ; Stürwald, T.; Stuttard, T. ; Sullivan, G. W. ; Taboada, I. ; Ter-Antonyan, S. ; Thompson, W. G. ; Thwaites, J.; Tilav, S.; Tollefson, K. ; Tönnis, C.; Toscano, S. ; Tosi, D.; Trettin, A. ; Tung, C. F. ; Turcotte, R.; Twagirayezu, J. P.; Ty, B.; Unland Elorrieta, M. A. ; Upadhyay, A. K.; Upshaw, K.; Valtonen-Mattila, N. ; Vandenbroucke, J. ; van Eijndhoven, N. ; Vannerom, D.; van Santen, J. ; Vara, J.; Veitch-Michaelis, J.; Venugopal, M.; Verpoest, S. ; Veske, D.; Walck, C. ; Watson, T. B. ; Weaver, C. ; Weigel, P.; Weindl, A.; Weldert, J. ; Wendt, C. ; Werthebach, J.; Weyrauch, M.; Whitehorn, N. ; Wiebusch, C. H. ; Willey, N.; Williams, D. R.; Wolf, M. ; Wrede, G.; Wulff, J.; Xu, X. W.; Yanez, J. P.; Yildizci, E.; Yoshida, S. ; Yu, F.; Yu, S.; Yuan, T. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhelnin, P.

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1. Loyola Univ., Chicago, IL (United States); IceCube Collaboration. et al.

Core-collapse supernovae are a promising potential high-energy neutrino source class. We test for correlation between seven years of IceCube neutrino data and a catalog containing more than 1000 core-collapse supernovae of types IIn and IIP and a sample of stripped-envelope supernovae. We search both for neutrino emission from individual supernovae as well as for combined emission from the whole supernova sample, through a stacking analysis. No significant spatial or temporal correlation of neutrinos with the cataloged supernovae was found. All scenarios were tested against the background expectation and together yield an overall p-value of 93%; therefore, they show consistency with the background only. The derived upper limits on the total energy emitted in neutrinos are 1.7 × 10⁴⁸ erg for stripped-envelope supernovae, 2.8 × 10⁴⁸ erg for type IIP, and 1.3 × 10⁴⁹ erg for type IIn SNe, the latter disfavoring models with optimistic assumptions for neutrino production in interacting supernovae. We conclude that stripped-envelope supernovae and supernovae of type IIn do not contribute more than 14.6% and 33.9%, respectively, to the diffuse neutrino flux in the energy range of about [ 10³–10⁵] GeV, assuming that the neutrino energy spectrum follows a power-law with an index of –2.5. Under the same assumption, we can only constrain the contribution of type IIP SNe to no more than 59.9%. Thus, core-collapse supernovae of types IIn and stripped-envelope supernovae can both be ruled out as the dominant source of the diffuse neutrino flux under the given assumptions.

• Research Organization: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
• Contributing Organization: The IceCube Collaboration
• Grant/Contract Number: AC02-05CH11231
• OSTI ID: 2228598
• Journal Information: The Astrophysical Journal. Letters, Vol. 949, Issue 1; ISSN 2041-8205
• Publisher: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English