Robust stellarator optimization via flat mirror magnetic fields

Velasco, Jose L.; Calvo, I.; Sánchez, E.; Parra, F. I.

doi:10.1088/1741-4326/acfe8a

Title: Robust stellarator optimization via flat mirror magnetic fields

Journal Article · 24 October 2023 · Nuclear Fusion

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/acfe8a · OSTI ID:2217310

^[1];

^[2]

Research Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT), Madrid (Spain). Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Stellarator magnetic configurations need to be optimized in order to meet all the required properties of a fusion reactor. In this work, it is shown that a flat-mirror quasi-isodynamic (QI) configuration (i.e. a QI configuration with sufficiently small radial variation of the mirror term) can achieve small radial transport of energy and good confinement of bulk and fast ions even if it is not very close to perfect omnigeneity, and for a wide range of plasma scenarios, including low $$β$$ and small radial electric field. This opens the door to constructing better stellarator reactors. On the one hand, they would be easier to design, as they would be robust against error fields. On the other hand, they would be easier to operate since, both during startup and steady-state operation, they would require less auxiliary power, and the heat loads on plasma-facing components caused by fast ion losses would be reduced to acceptable levels.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIN)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-09CH11466

OSTI ID:: 2217310

Journal Information:: Nuclear Fusion, Journal Name: Nuclear Fusion Journal Issue: 12 Vol. 63; ISSN 0029-5515

Publisher:: IOP ScienceCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (56)

Fast particle confinement with optimized coil currents in the W7-X stellarator Drevlak, M.; Geiger, J.; Helander, P. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 54, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/54/7/073002	journal	April 2014
Experimental confirmation of efficient island divertor operation and successful neoclassical transport optimization in Wendelstein 7-X Sunn Pedersen, Thomas Nuclear Fusion https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac2cf5	journal	October 2021
Overview of first Wendelstein 7-X high-performance operation Klinger, T.; Andreeva, T.; Bozhenkov, S. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab03a7	journal	June 2019
An experimental characterization of core turbulence regimes in Wendelstein 7-X Carralero, D.; Estrada, T.; Maragkoudakis, E. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac112f	journal	August 2021
The effect of tangential drifts on neoclassical transport in stellarators close to omnigeneity Calvo, Iván; Parra, Felix I.; Velasco, José Luis Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aa63ce	journal	March 2017
Combined plasma–coil optimization algorithms Henneberg, S. A.; Hudson, S. R.; Pfefferlé, D. Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 87, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022377821000271	journal	April 2021
First divertor physics studies in Wendelstein 7-X Sunn Pedersen, T.; König, R.; Jakubowski, M. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab280f	journal	July 2019
Electrostatic potential variation on the flux surface and its impact on impurity transport García-Regaña, J. M.; Beidler, C. D.; Kleiber, R. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa5fd5	journal	March 2017
The importance of the classical channel in the impurity transport of optimized stellarators Buller, S.; Mollén, A.; Newton, S. L. Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 85, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1017/S002237781900045X	journal	July 2019
Plans for the first plasma operation of Wendelstein 7-X Sunn Pedersen, T.; Andreeva, T.; Bosch, H. -S. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 55, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/55/12/126001	journal	November 2015
Constructing precisely quasi-isodynamic magnetic fields Goodman, A. G.; Camacho Mata, K.; Henneberg, S. A. Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 89, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1017/S002237782300065X	journal	September 2023
Optimisation of stellarator equilibria with ROSE Drevlak, M.; Beidler, C. D.; Geiger, J. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aaed50	journal	November 2018
Neoclassical transport simulations for stellarators Turkin, Y.; Beidler, C. D.; Maaßberg, H. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 18, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3553025	journal	February 2011
Theory of advanced stellarators Wobig, Horst Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 41, Issue 3A https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/41/3A/010	journal	January 1999
Less constrained omnigeneous stellarators Parra, Felix I.; Calvo, Iván; Helander, Per Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 55, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/55/3/033005	journal	February 2015
Stellarator impurity flux driven by electric fields tangent to magnetic surfaces Calvo, Iván; Parra, Felix I.; Luis Velasco, José Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aae8a1	journal	November 2018
Demonstration of reduced neoclassical energy transport in Wendelstein 7-X Beidler, C. D.; Smith, H. M.; Alonso, A. Nature, Vol. 596, Issue 7871 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03687-w	journal	August 2021
Moderation of neoclassical impurity accumulation in high temperature plasmas of helical devices Velasco, J. L.; Calvo, I.; Satake, S. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/57/1/016016	journal	October 2016
The ARIES-CS Compact Stellarator Fusion Power Plant Najmabadi, F.; Raffray, A. R.; Abdel-Khalik, S. I. Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 54, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.13182/FST54-655	journal	October 2008
Turbulence and perpendicular plasma flow asymmetries measured at TJ-II plasmas Estrada, T.; Sánchez, E.; García-Regaña, J. M. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab1940	journal	June 2019
Single-stage stellarator optimization: combining coils with fixed boundary equilibria Jorge, R.; Goodman, A.; Landreman, M. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 65, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/acd957	journal	June 2023
Performance and properties of the first plasmas of Wendelstein 7-X Klinger, T.; Alonso, A.; Bozhenkov, S. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/59/1/014018	journal	October 2016
On the role of density fluctuations in the core turbulent transport of Wendelstein 7-X Carralero, D.; Estrada, T.; Maragkoudakis, E. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 64, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ac4d14	journal	February 2022
Fast simulations for large aspect ratio stellarators with the neoclassical code KNOSOS Velasco, J. L.; Calvo, I.; Parra, F. I. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac1dc7	journal	September 2021
Finite orbit width effects in large aspect ratio stellarators d'Herbemont, Vincent; Parra, Felix I.; Calvo, Iván Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 88, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022377822000897	journal	October 2022
Error fields in the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator Lazerson, Samuel A.; Bozhenkov, Sergey; Israeli, Ben Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aae96b	journal	November 2018
Physics in the magnetic configuration space of W7-X Geiger, J.; Beidler, C. D.; Feng, Y. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/57/1/014004	journal	November 2014
(Expected difficulties with) density-profile control in W7-X high-performance plasmas Beidler, C. D.; Feng, Y.; Geiger, J. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aad970	journal	August 2018
Non-Local Simulation of the Formation of Neoclassical Ambipolar Electric Field in Non-Axisymmetric Configurations Satake, Shinsuke; Okamoto, Masao; Nakajima, Noriyoshi Plasma and Fusion Research, Vol. 1 https://doi.org/10.1585/pfr.1.002	journal	January 2006
Omnigenity as generalized quasisymmetry Landreman, Matt; Catto, Peter J. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 19, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3693187	journal	May 2012
Turbulent impurity transport simulations in Wendelstein 7-X plasmas García-Regaña, J. M.; Barnes, M.; Calvo, I. Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 87, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022377820001543	journal	February 2021
Confirmation of the topology of the Wendelstein 7-X magnetic field to better than 1:100,000 Pedersen, T. Sunn; Otte, M.; Lazerson, S. Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13493	journal	November 2016
Technical challenges in the construction of the steady-state stellarator Wendelstein 7-X Bosch, H. -S.; Wolf, R. C.; Andreeva, T. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/53/12/126001	journal	November 2013
Inter-machine validation study of neoclassical transport modelling in medium- to high-density stellarator-heliotron plasmas Dinklage, A.; Yokoyama, M.; Tanaka, K. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/53/6/063022	journal	May 2013
Magnetic Fields with Precise Quasisymmetry for Plasma Confinement Landreman, Matt; Paul, Elizabeth Physical Review Letters, Vol. 128, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.035001	journal	January 2022
Poloidal motion of trapped particle orbits in real-space coordinates Nemov, V. V.; Kasilov, S. V.; Kernbichler, W. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 15, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2912456	journal	May 2008
Electrostatic potential variations on stellarator magnetic surfaces in low collisionality regimes Calvo, Iván; Velasco, José Luis; Parra, Félix I. Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 84, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022377818000818	journal	August 2018
Direct Optimization of Fast-Ion Confinement in Stellarators Bindel, David; Landreman, Matt; Padidar, Misha Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 65, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/acd141	journal	May 2023
Helical Plasma Confinement Devices with Good Confinement Properties Cary, John R.; Shasharina, Svetlana G. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 78, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.674	journal	January 1997
Optimization of quasi-symmetric stellarators with self-consistent bootstrap current and energetic particle confinement Landreman, M.; Buller, S.; Drevlak, M. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 29, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0098166	journal	August 2022
Direct construction of stellarator-symmetric quasi-isodynamic magnetic configurations Camacho Mata, Katia; Plunk, Gabriel G.; Jorge, Rogerio Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 88, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022377822000812	journal	October 2022
Benchmarking of the mono-energetic transport coefficients—results from the International Collaboration on Neoclassical Transport in Stellarators (ICNTS) Beidler, C. D.; Allmaier, K.; Isaev, M. Yu. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 51, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/51/7/076001	journal	June 2011
First steps towards modeling of ion-driven turbulence in Wendelstein 7-X Warmer, F.; Xanthopoulos, P.; Proll, J. H. E. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa9290	journal	November 2017
Energetic particle loss mechanisms in reactor-scale equilibria close to quasisymmetry Paul, E. J.; Bhattacharjee, A.; Landreman, M. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 62, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac9b07	journal	November 2022
First-principles based plasma profile predictions for optimized stellarators Bañón Navarro, A.; Di Siena, A.; Velasco, J. L. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 63, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/acc3af	journal	March 2023
Prevention of core particle depletion in stellarators by turbulence Thienpondt, H.; García-Regaña, J. M.; Calvo, I. Physical Review Research, Vol. 5, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.5.L022053	journal	June 2023
From W7-X to a HELIAS fusion power plant: motivation and options for an intermediate-step burning-plasma stellarator Warmer, F.; Beidler, C. D.; Dinklage, A. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/58/7/074006	journal	June 2016
A model for the fast evaluation of prompt losses of energetic ions in stellarators Velasco, J. L.; Calvo, I.; Mulas, S. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac2994	journal	October 2021
Evaluation of 1/ν neoclassical transport in stellarators Nemov, V. V.; Kasilov, S. V.; Kernbichler, W. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 6, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.873749	journal	December 1999
Energetic particle optimization of quasi-axisymmetric stellarator equilibria LeViness, Alexandra; Schmitt, John C.; Lazerson, Samuel A. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 63, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aca4e3	journal	December 2022
Suppression of anomalous impurity transport in NBI-heated W7-X plasmas Romba, T.; Reimold, F.; Jaspers, R. J. E. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 63, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/acd5e1	journal	June 2023
A quasi-isodynamic configuration with good confinement of fast ions at low plasma β Sánchez, E.; Velasco, J. L.; Calvo, I. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 63, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/accd82	journal	May 2023
Stellarator equilibria with reactor relevant energetic particle losses Bader, Aaron; Drevlak, M.; Anderson, D. T. Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 85, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022377819000680	journal	October 2019
Collisionless microinstabilities in stellarators. I. Analytical theory of trapped-particle modes Helander, P.; Proll, J. H. E.; Plunk, G. G. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 20, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4846818	journal	December 2013
Physics design point of high-field stellarator reactors Alonso, J. A.; Calvo, I.; Carralero, D. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 62, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac49ac	journal	February 2022
Electrostatic potential variations along flux surfaces in stellarators Pedrosa, M. A.; Alonso, J. A.; García-Regaña, J. M. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 55, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/55/5/052001	journal	April 2015

Similar Records

Locally omnigenous tandem-mirror design

Technical Report · 1983 · OSTI ID:5680081

D'Ippolito, D A; Francis, G L; Myra, J R

Collisionless microinstabilities in stellarators. II. Numerical simulations

Journal Article · 2013 · Physics of Plasmas · OSTI ID:22218345

Proll, J. H. E.; Xanthopoulos, P.; Helander, P.

Heat pulse propagation and anomalous electron heat transport measurements on the optimized stellarator W7-X

Journal Article · 2021 · Nuclear Fusion · OSTI ID:1781099

Weir, G. M.; Xanthopoulos, P.; Hirsch, M.; +20 more

Related Subjects

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY

Title: Robust stellarator optimization via flat mirror magnetic fields

Citation Formats

References (56)

Similar Records

Related Subjects