Gauge-invariant gravitational waves in matter beyond linearized gravity

Garg, Deepen; Dodin, Ilya Y.

doi:10.1088/1361-6382/acfc0e

Title: Gauge-invariant gravitational waves in matter beyond linearized gravity

Journal Article · 02 October 2023 · Classical and Quantum Gravity

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/acfc0e · OSTI ID:2217300

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Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)
Princeton Univ., NJ (United States); Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Modeling the propagation of gravitational waves (GWs) in media other than vacuum is complicated by the gauge freedom of linearized gravity in that, once nonlinearities are taken into consideration, gauge artifacts can cause spurious acceleration of the matter. To eliminate these artifacts, we propose how to keep the theory of dispersive GWs gauge-invariant beyond the linear approximation and, in particular, obtain an unambiguous gauge-invariant expression for the energy–momentum of a GW in a dispersive medium. Using analytic tools from plasma physics, we propose an exactly gauge-invariant 'quasilinear' theory, in which GWs are governed by linear equations and also affect the background metric on scales large compared to their wavelength. As a corollary, the gauge-invariant geometrical optics of linear dispersive GWs in a general background is formulated. As an example, we show how the well-known properties of vacuum GWs are naturally and concisely yielded by our theory in a manifestly gauge-invariant form. We also show how the gauge invariance can be maintained within a given accuracy to an arbitrary order in the GW amplitude. These results are intended to form a physically meaningful framework for studying dispersive GWs in matter.

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Research Organization:: Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-09CH11466

OSTI ID:: 2217300

Journal Information:: Classical and Quantum Gravity, Journal Name: Classical and Quantum Gravity Journal Issue: 21 Vol. 40; ISSN 0264-9381

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS
GENERAL PHYSICS
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gauge invariance
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Title: Gauge-invariant gravitational waves in matter beyond linearized gravity

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