Time, momentum, and energy resolved pump-probe tunneling spectroscopy of two-dimensional electron systems

Yoo, H. M.; Korkusinski, M.; Miravet, D.; Baldwin, K. W.; West, K.; Pfeiffer, L.; Hawrylak, P.; Ashoori, R. C.

doi:10.1038/s41467-023-43268-1

Title: Time, momentum, and energy resolved pump-probe tunneling spectroscopy of two-dimensional electron systems

Journal Article · 17 November 2023 · Nature Communications

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43268-1 · OSTI ID:2216989

Yoo, H. M. ^[1]; Korkusinski, M. ^[2];

^[3]; Baldwin, K. W. ^[4]; West, K. ^[4]; Pfeiffer, L. ^[4]; Hawrylak, P. ^[3];

^[1]

Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON (Canada)
Univ. of Ottawa, ON (Canada)
Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)

Real-time probing of electrons can uncover intricate relaxation mechanisms and many-body interactions in strongly correlated materials. Here, we introduce time, momentum, and energy resolved pump-probe tunneling spectroscopy (Tr-MERTS). The method allows the injection of electrons at a particular energy and observation of their subsequent decay in energy-momentum space. Using Tr-MERTS, we visualize electronic decay processes, with lifetimes from tens of nanoseconds to tens of microseconds, in Landau levels formed in a GaAs quantum well. Although most observed features agree with simple energy-relaxation, we discovered a splitting in the nonequilibrium energy spectrum in the vicinity of a ferromagnetic state. An exact diagonalization study suggests that the splitting arises from a maximally spin-polarized state with higher energy than a conventional equilibrium skyrmion. Furthermore, we observe time-dependent relaxation of the splitting, which we attribute to single-flipped spins forming skyrmions. These results establish Tr-MERTS as a powerful tool for studying the properties of a 2DES beyond equilibrium.

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Research Organization:: Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF); National Science Foundation (NSF); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-08ER46514; GBMF4420; DMR-1420541; STPG-521420; RGPIN 2019-05714

OSTI ID:: 2216989

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2339467

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Vol. 14, Issue 1; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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