Evaluating the techno-economic potential of defossilized air-to-syngas pathways

Almajed, Hussain M.; Guerra, Omar J.; Smith, Wilson A.; Hodge, Bri-Mathias; Somoza-Tornos, Ana

doi:10.1039/d3ee02589f

Title: Evaluating the techno-economic potential of defossilized air-to-syngas pathways

Journal Article · 19 October 2023 · Energy & Environmental Science

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ee02589f · OSTI ID:2205681

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University of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
University of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States); National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Delft University of Technology (Netherlands)
University of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States); National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
University of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States); Delft University of Technology (Netherlands)

Defossilizing the chemical industry using air-to-chemical processes offers a promising solution to driving down the emission trajectory to net-zero by 2050. Syngas is a key intermediate in the chemical industry, which can be produced from electrolytic H₂ and air-sourced CO₂. To techno-economically assess possible emerging air-to-syngas routes, we develop detailed process simulations of direct air CO₂ capture, proton exchange membrane water electrolysis, and CO₂ electrolysis. Our results show that renewable electricity prices of ≤$15 per MW h enable the replacement of current syngas production methods with CO₂ electrolysis at CO₂ avoidance costs of about $200 per t-CO₂. In addition, we identify necessary future advances that enable economic competition of CO₂ electrolysis with traditional syngas production methods, including a reverse water gas shift. Indeed, we find an improved CO₂ electrolysis process (total current density = 1.5 A cm^-2, CO₂ single-pass conversion = 54%, and CO faradaic efficiency = 90%) that can economically compete with the reverse water gas shift at an optimal cell voltage of about 2.00 V, an electricity price of $28–42 per MW h, a CO₂ capture cost of $100 per t-CO₂, and CO₂ taxes of $100–300 per t-CO₂. Finally, we discuss the integration of the presented emerging air-to-syngas routes with variable renewable power systems and their social impacts in future deployments. This work paints a holistic picture of the targets required to economically realize a defossilized syngas production method that is in alignment with net-zero goals.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 2205681

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2229566

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-6A40-88273; MainId:89048; UUID:254b2300-a578-401a-9c7c-55ffe83572ca; MainAdminID:71274

Journal Information:: Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 16, Issue 12; ISSN 1754-5692

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
air-to-chemical processes
CO2 electrolysis
defossilizing
direct air CO2 capture
proton exchange membrane water electrolysis
syngas
techno-economic assessment

Title: Evaluating the techno-economic potential of defossilized air-to-syngas pathways

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