Search Menu
DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Search Scholarly Publications

Title: Thin and transient meltwater layers and false bottoms in the Arctic sea ice pack—Recent insights on these historically overlooked features

Journal Article · · Elementa
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [10];  [3];  [11];  [12];  [13];  [14];  [15];  [16];  [17];  [18];  [6] more »;  [19];  [20];  [6];  [18];  [18];  [18];  [21];  [22];  [17];  [18];  [23];  [11];  [24];  [9];  [25];  [26];  [10];  [12];  [27];  [18];  [5];  [12];  [28];  [23];  [29] « less
  1. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MA (United States)
  2. Ecole Polytechnique Federale Lausanne (EPFL), Sion (Switzerland); University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE (France)
  3. University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States)
  4. University of East Anglia, Norwich (United Kingdom); Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven (Germany)
  5. University of Gothenburg (Sweden)
  6. Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø (Norway)
  7. University of Warwick, Coventry (United Kingdom); University of York (United Kingdom)
  8. Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME (United States)
  9. Ecole Polytechnique Federale Lausanne (EPFL), Sion (Switzerland)
  10. University of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, CO (United States)
  11. University of Helsinki (Finland)
  12. University of Groningen (Netherlands)
  13. Institute of Marine Research, Tromsø (Norway)
  14. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (United States)
  15. University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI (United States)
  16. Université de Liège (Belgium)
  17. University of Bergen (Norway)
  18. Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven (Germany)
  19. Universität Hamburg (Germany)
  20. UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (Norway)
  21. University of East Anglia, Norwich (United Kingdom)
  22. Université de Liège (Belgium); Université Libre de Bruxelles (Belgium)
  23. Hokkaido University (Japan)
  24. Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø (Norway); Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (Norway)
  25. University of Plymouth (United Kingdom)
  26. University of Texas at Austin, TX (United States)
  27. University of Bremen (Germany)
  28. University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
  29. Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen (China)
+ Show Author Affiliations

The rapid melt of snow and sea ice during the Arctic summer provides a significant source of low-salinity meltwater to the surface ocean on the local scale. The accumulation of this meltwater on, under, and around sea ice floes can result in relatively thin meltwater layers in the upper ocean. Due to the small-scale nature of these upper-ocean features, typically on the order of 1 m thick or less, they are rarely detected by standard methods, but are nevertheless pervasive and critically important in Arctic summer. Observations during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition in summer 2020 focused on the evolution of such layers and made significant advancements in understanding their role in the coupled Arctic system. Here we provide a review of thin meltwater layers in the Arctic, with emphasis on the new findings from MOSAiC. Both prior and recent observational datasets indicate an intermittent yet long-lasting (weeks to months) meltwater layer in the upper ocean on the order of 0.1 m to 1.0 m in thickness, with a large spatial range. The presence of meltwater layers impacts the physical system by reducing bottom ice melt and allowing new ice formation via false bottom growth. Collectively, the meltwater layer and false bottoms reduce atmosphere-ocean exchanges of momentum, energy, and material. The impacts on the coupled Arctic system are far-reaching, including acting as a barrier for nutrient and gas exchange and impacting ecosystem diversity and productivity.

Research Organization:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Archive
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Science Foundation (NSF); Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); Swiss Polar Institute (SPI); Swedish Research Council; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
Contributing Organization:
PNNL, BNL, ANL, ORNLPacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL); Argonne National Laboratory (ANL); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0019745; SC0022046; AC05-76RL01830
OSTI ID:
2205579
Journal Information:
Elementa, Journal Name: Elementa Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 11; ISSN 2325-1026
Publisher:
University of California PressCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (240)

Divergent Genomic Adaptations in the Microbiomes of Arctic Subzero Sea-Ice and Cryopeg Brines journal July 2021
Effect of sea‐ice melt on inherent optical properties and vertical distribution of solar radiant heating in Arctic surface waters journal October 2015
Bacterial communities from Arctic seasonal sea ice are more compositionally variable than those from multi-year sea ice journal February 2016
Production of atmospheric sulfur by oceanic plankton: biogeochemical, ecological and evolutionary links journal June 2001
Seasonal and interannual variability of pan-Arctic surface mixed layer properties from 1979 to 2012 from hydrographic data, and the dominance of stratification for multiyear mixed layer depth shoaling journal May 2015
Sea ice and its effect on CO2 flux between the atmosphere and the Southern Ocean interior journal November 2011
Altered inherent optical properties and estimates of the underwater light field during an Arctic under‐ice bloom of Phaeocystis pouchetii journal June 2017
Energy budget of first-year Arctic sea ice in advanced stages of melt: ENERGY BUDGET MELTING FIRST-YEAR SEA ICE journal June 2013
Impact of sea-ice melt on dimethyl sulfide (sulfoniopropionate) inventories in surface waters of Marguerite Bay, West Antarctic Peninsula
  • Stefels, Jacqueline; van Leeuwe, Maria A.; Jones, Elizabeth M.
  • Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 376, Issue 2122 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0169
journal May 2018
Methane and nitrous oxide in surface water along the North-West Passage, Arctic Ocean journal August 2010
A New Algorithm for Sea Ice Melt Pond Fraction Estimation From High‐Resolution Optical Satellite Imagery journal October 2020
Thin ice and storms: Sea ice deformation from buoy arrays deployed during N-ICE2015: THIN ICE AND STORMS journal June 2017
Mapping Sea Ice Surface Topography in High Fidelity With ICESat‐2 journal November 2020
Simulation of turbulent exchange processes in summertime leads journal May 2005
Bacterial responses to fluctuations and extremes in temperature and brine salinity at the surface of Arctic winter sea ice journal June 2014
Near‐Surface Stratification Due to Ice Melt Biases Arctic Air‐Sea CO2 Flux Estimates journal November 2021
Highly Productive Ice Algal Mats in Arctic Melt Ponds: Primary Production and Carbon Turnover journal April 2022
Composition, Buoyancy Regulation and Fate of Ice Algal Aggregates in the Central Arctic Ocean journal September 2014
Studies of the Mass Budget of Arctic Pack-Ice Floes journal January 1965
Glaciers caused zooplankton mortality? journal January 1998
Contribution of mycosporine‐like amino acids and colored dissolved and particulate matter to sea ice optical properties and ultraviolet attenuation journal February 2010
Effects of climate change on methane emissions from seafloor sediments in the Arctic Ocean: A review: Methane Emissions from Arctic Sediments journal May 2016
Impact of Sea Ice Melting on Summer Air-Sea CO2 Exchange in the East Siberian Sea journal February 2022
The relationship between sea ice bacterial community structure and biogeochemistry: A synthesis of current knowledge and known unknowns journal January 2015
Object-based detection of Arctic sea ice and melt ponds using high spatial resolution aerial photographs journal November 2015
Processes controlling surface, bottom and lateral melt of Arctic sea ice in a state of the art sea ice model
  • Tsamados, Michel; Feltham, Daniel; Petty, Alek
  • Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 373, Issue 2052 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0167
journal October 2015
Influence of environmental salinity on oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of the arctic under-ice amphipodOnisimus glacialis journal February 1990
Bacterial Activity at -2 to -20 C in Arctic Wintertime Sea Ice journal January 2004
The Ice-Tethered Profiler: Argo of the Arctic journal September 2011
Vertical distribution of methane oxidation and methanotrophic response to elevated methane concentrations in stratified waters of the Arctic fjord Storfjorden (Svalbard, Norway) journal January 2013
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate biosynthesis in marine bacteria and identification of the key gene in this process journal February 2017
Direct Observations of the Role of Lateral Advection of Sea Ice Meltwater in the Onset of Autumn Freeze Up journal February 2022
Whole Community Metatranscriptomes and Lipidomes Reveal Diverse Responses Among Antarctic Phytoplankton to Changing Ice Conditions journal February 2021
Air‐sea exchange of carbon dioxide in the Southern Ocean and Antarctic marginal ice zone journal July 2016
Windows in Arctic sea ice: Light transmission and ice algae in a refrozen lead: Light and Algae in a Refrozen Lead journal June 2017
Arctic Ocean circulation and variability – advection and external forcing encounter constraints and local processes journal January 2012
Methane and nitrous oxide distributions across the North American Arctic Ocean during summer, 2015 journal January 2017
Inherent optical properties of the central Arctic surface waters journal September 2002
Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Physical oceanography journal January 2022
Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPSs) in Ocean Systems journal May 2017
The seeding of ice algal blooms in Arctic pack ice: The multiyear ice seed repository hypothesis: Seeding of Ice Algae in Arctic Pack Ice journal July 2017
Zooplankton boom and ice amphipod bust below melting sea ice in the Amundsen Gulf, Arctic Canada journal March 2011
Community respiration/production and bacterial activity in the upper water column of the central Arctic Ocean journal April 2003
Biogenic particles in the surface microlayer and overlaying atmosphere in the central Arctic Ocean during summer journal September 2005
Effects of a Shallow Pycnocline and Surface Meltwater on Sea Ice–Ocean Drag and Turbulent Heat Flux journal August 2014
Nutrient availability limits biological production in Arctic sea ice melt ponds journal March 2017
Organic matter from Arctic sea-ice loss alters bacterial community structure and function journal January 2019
Spring sea-ice evolution in Rijpfjorden (80° N), Svalbard, from in situ measurements and ice mass-balance buoy (IMB) data journal January 2013
Sea ice contribution to the air–sea CO2 exchange in the Arctic and Southern Oceans journal January 2011
Characteristics of two distinct high-light acclimated algal communities during advanced stages of sea ice melt journal April 2011
Seasonality and long-term trend of Arctic Ocean surface stress in a model journal March 2014
Grazing and sedimentation of ice algae during and immediately after a bloom at the ice-water interface journal January 1989
Physical and morphological properties of sea ice in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas during the 2010 and 2011 NASA ICESCAPE missions journal August 2015
Oxygen fluxes beneath Arctic land-fast ice and pack ice: towards estimates of ice productivity journal June 2018
Salinity Tolerance of Eukaryotic Marine Algae journal June 1990
Nitrous oxide and methane in a changing Arctic Ocean journal October 2021
Acclimation of Antarctic bottom-ice algal communities to lowered salinities during melting journal July 2004
A linear model to derive melt pond depth on Arctic sea ice from hyperspectral data journal January 2020
The Inferred Formation of a Subice Platelet Layer Below the Multiyear Landfast Sea Ice in the Wandel Sea (NE Greenland) Induced by Meltwater Drainage journal May 2018
Interaction of sea ice floe size, ocean eddies, and sea ice melting journal August 2016
Antarctic sea ice carbon dioxide system and controls journal December 2011
A synthesis of carbon dioxide and methane dynamics during the ice-covered period of northern lakes: Under-ice CO journal April 2018
Seasonality and timing of sea ice mass balance and heat fluxes in the Arctic transpolar drift during 2019–2020 journal July 2022
Wave climate in the Arctic 1992–2014: seasonality and trends journal January 2016
The Transpolar Drift conveys methane from the Siberian Shelf to the central Arctic Ocean journal March 2018
The evolution of under-ice melt ponds, or double diffusion at the freezing point journal July 1974
Production and Characterization of the Intra‐ and Extracellular Carbohydrates and Polymeric Substances (EPS) of Three Sea‐Ice Diatom Species, and Evidence for a Cryoprotective Role for EPS journal November 2012
The future of Arctic sea-ice biogeochemistry and ice-associated ecosystems journal October 2020
Air‐Sea CO2 Flux Estimates in Stratified Arctic Coastal Waters: How Wrong Can We Be? journal January 2019
To the theory of underwater ice evolution, or nonlinear dynamics of “false bottoms” journal October 2008
Tracer studies of pathways and rates of meltwater transport through Arctic summer sea ice journal January 2002
New insights into the spatial variability of the surface water carbon dioxide in varying sea ice conditions in the Arctic Ocean journal May 2009
Evidence for platelet ice accretion in Arctic sea ice development journal June 1995
Late summer net community production in the central Arctic Ocean using multiple approaches journal October 2014
Modeling of Thermodynamic Consolidation of Sea Ice Ridges Drifting in the Water with Changing Temperature journal December 2022
Observations of sea ice melt from Operation IceBridge imagery journal January 2020
Seasonal variability of sediment trap collections in the Northeast Water Polynya. Part 2. Biochemical and microscopic composition of sedimenting matter journal January 1997
River Inflow Dominates Methane Emissions in an Arctic Coastal System journal May 2020
Wintertime Arctic Sea Spray Aerosol Composition Controlled by Sea Ice Lead Microbiology journal September 2019
Evolved physiological responses of phytoplankton to their integrated growth environment
  • Behrenfeld, Michael J.; Halsey, Kimberly H.; Milligan, Allen J.
  • Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 363, Issue 1504 https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0019
journal May 2008
Author Correction: Annual cycle observations of aerosols capable of ice formation in central Arctic clouds journal October 2022
Snow dunes: A controlling factor of melt pond distribution on Arctic sea ice: SNOW DUNES AND MELT POND DISTRIBUTION journal September 2012
Microbial genomics amidst the Arctic crisis journal May 2020
Platelet ice, the Southern Ocean's hidden ice: a review journal October 2020
Anaerobic N2 production in Arctic sea ice journal January 2004
Hydraulic controls of summer Arctic pack ice albedo: HYDRAULIC CONTROLS OF PACK ICE ALBEDO journal August 2004
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) release by phytoplankton in the contemporary and future ocean journal January 2014
Export of Algal Biomass from the Melting Arctic Sea Ice journal February 2013
Summer ice dynamics during SHEBA and its effect on the ocean heat content journal January 2001
Meltwater layer dynamics in a central Arctic lead: Effects of lead width, re-freezing, and mixing during late summer journal May 2023
A full year of turbulence measurements from a drift campaign in the Arctic Ocean 2019–2020 journal August 2022
Quantifying false bottoms and under-ice meltwater layers beneath Arctic summer sea ice with fine-scale observations journal July 2022
On the dissolved surface oxygen supersaturation in the Arctic journal December 1985
Floating Ice-Algal Aggregates below Melting Arctic Sea Ice journal October 2013
Contrasted Summer Processes in the Sea Ice for Two Neighboring Floes North of 84°N: Surface and Basal Melt and False Bottom Formation journal June 2019
Annual patterns in phytoplankton phenology in Antarctic coastal waters explained by environmental drivers journal June 2020
Multiomics in the central Arctic Ocean for benchmarking biodiversity change journal October 2022
Biogeochemistry of methane in the permanently ice-covered Lake Untersee, central Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica journal March 2006
Primary Production and Nutrients in Ogac Lake, a Landlocked Fiord on Baffin Island journal June 1969
Changes in Arctic sea ice result in increasing light transmittance and absorption journal December 2012
High‐resolution distribution pattern of surface water nitrous oxide along a cruise track from the Okhotsk Sea to the western Arctic Ocean journal October 2020
Biological nitrous oxide consumption in oxygenated waters of the high latitude Atlantic Ocean journal February 2021
Observations of melt ponds on Arctic sea ice journal October 1998
Response of a natural Antarctic phytoplankton assemblage to changes in temperature and salinity journal November 2020
Carbon dioxide in water and seawater: the solubility of a non-ideal gas journal November 1974
Combined effects of temperature and salinity on fatty acid content and lipid damage in Antarctic phytoplankton journal June 2018
Production of NO2- and N2O by Nitrifying Bacteria at Reduced Concentrations of Oxygen journal January 1980
Generation of internal waves by sea ice journal March 1989
Effects of freezing, growth, and ice cover on gas transport processes in laboratory seawater experiments journal March 2009
Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data-reduction routines journal April 2009
Arctic sea ice sensitivity to lateral melting representation in a coupled climate model journal January 2022
Photoacclimation of Arctic Ocean phytoplankton to shifting light and nutrient limitation journal September 2018
Dimethyl sulfide dynamics in first-year sea ice melt ponds in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago journal January 2018
Phytoplankton in Coastal Waters of the Arctic Ocean at Point Barrow, Alaska journal January 1963
Thin and thinner: Sea ice mass balance measurements during SHEBA journal January 2003
Calcium carbonate saturation in the surface water of the Arctic Ocean: undersaturation in freshwater influenced shelves journal November 2009
Predominance of β-proteobacteria in summer melt pools on Arctic pack ice journal July 2004
Evolutionary genomics of the cold-adapted diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus journal January 2017
High emission of carbon dioxide and methane during ice thaw in high latitude lakes: CARBON EMISSION FROM LAKES IN SPRING journal March 2013
Snowmelt contribution to Arctic first-year ice ridge mass balance and rapid consolidation during summer melt journal May 2023
Temporal evolution of under-ice meltwater layers and false bottoms and their impact on summer Arctic sea ice mass balance journal March 2023
Arctic Marine Phototrophic Systems: Functions of Sea Ice Stabilization journal January 1985
SHORT‐TERM EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE PHOTOKINETICS OF MICROALGAE FROM THE SURFACE LAYERS OF ANTARCTIC PACK ICE1 journal August 2005
Melting out of sea ice causes greater photosynthetic stress in algae than freezing in1 journal September 2007
GLODAPv2.2022: the latest version of the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product journal December 2022
Linking metagenomics to aquatic microbial ecology and biogeochemical cycles journal January 2020
Dynamics and thermodynamics of the ice/upper ocean system in the marginal ice zone of the Greenland Sea journal January 1987
Internal wave dissipation under sea ice journal November 1985
Spatiotemporal evolution of melt ponds on Arctic sea ice journal May 2022
Spring production of mycosporine-like amino acids and other UV-absorbing compounds in sea ice-associated algae communities in the Canadian Arctic journal December 2015
DMS emissions from the Arctic marginal ice zone journal July 2021
Summertime Evolution of Net Community Production and CO2 Flux in the Western Arctic Ocean journal March 2021
Frequent new particle formation over the high Arctic pack ice by enhanced iodine emissions journal October 2020
Marine primary production in the Canadian Arctic, 1956, 1961–1963 journal December 2010
Spatial Heterogeneity as a Key Variable Influencing Spring-Summer Progression in UVR and PAR Transmission Through Arctic Sea Ice journal March 2020
Denitrification activity and oxygen dynamics in Arctic sea ice journal October 2007
Coexistence of microalgal sedimentation and water column recycling in a seasonally ice-covered ecosystem (Saroma-ko Lagoon, Sea of Okhotsk, Japan) journal February 1997
Bacterioplankton community structure in the Arctic waters as revealed by pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes journal March 2013
Microbial ecology of the cryosphere: sea ice and glacial habitats journal September 2015
Southern Ocean CO2 sink: The contribution of the sea ice journal September 2014
The role of differential DMSP production and community composition in predicting variability of global surface DMSP concentrations journal October 2018
Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Atmosphere journal January 2022
THE INFLUENCE OF SALINITY AND TEMPERATURE COVARIATION ON THE PHOTOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ANTARCTIC SEA ICE MICROALGAE1 journal December 1992
Annual cycle of air‐sea CO2 exchange in an Arctic Polynya Region journal May 2013
Polar ocean stratification in a cold climate journal March 2004
Occurrence and cycling of dimethylated sulfur compounds in the Arctic during summer receding of the ice edge journal October 2010
Atmospheric particle abundance and sea salt aerosol observations in the springtime Arctic: a focus on blowing snow and leads journal December 2022
Advances in understanding and parameterization of small-scale physical processes in the marine Arctic climate system: a review journal January 2014
The MOSAiC ice floe: sediment-laden survivor from the Siberian shelf journal January 2020
The impact of lower sea-ice extent on Arctic greenhouse-gas exchange journal February 2013
Methane excess in Arctic surface water- triggered by sea ice formation and melting journal November 2015
Heterogeneity in the photoprotective capacity of three Antarctic diatoms during short-term changes in salinity and temperature journal January 2011
The Arctic Ocean marine carbon cycle: evaluation of air-sea CO2 exchanges, ocean acidification impacts and potential feedbacks journal January 2009
Greenland melt drives continuous export of methane from the ice-sheet bed journal January 2019
Impact of Arctic meltdown on the microbial cycling of sulphur journal August 2013
Contrasting Community Composition of Active Microbial Eukaryotes in Melt Ponds and Sea Water of the Arctic Ocean Revealed by High Throughput Sequencing journal June 2020
Structure of under-ice melt ponds in the central Arctic and their effect on, the sea-ice cover journal May 1994
The Air-Sea Nitrous Oxide Flux along Cruise Tracks to the Arctic Ocean and Southern Ocean journal November 2017
The mechanisms of sea ice melt pond formation and evolution: MECHANISMS OF MELT POND EVOLUTION journal January 2012
Chemistry and Related Properties of Freshly Emitted Sea Spray Aerosol journal February 2015
Growth Responses to Salinity Variation in four Arctic ice Diatoms1,2 journal June 1976
Unexpectedly high dimethyl sulfide concentration in high-latitude Arctic sea ice melt ponds journal January 2019
Role of sea ice in global biogeochemical cycles: emerging views and challenges journal November 2013
Impacts of sea ice melting procedures on measurements of microbial community structure journal December 2022
Nitrous Oxide Production by Nondenitrifying Soil Nitrate Reducers journal September 1981
Ocean spray: An outsized influence on weather and climate journal November 2016
Methane release from open leads and new ice following an Arctic winter storm event journal September 2022
Effects of salinity changes on coastal Antarctic phytoplankton physiology and assemblage composition journal May 2015
The alpha/beta ocean distinction: A perspective on freshwater fluxes, convection, nutrients and productivity in high-latitude seas journal November 2007
Production of oceanic nitrous oxide by ammonia-oxidizing archaea journal January 2012
Interannual Variability in Methane and Nitrous Oxide Concentrations and Sea‐Air Fluxes Across the North American Arctic Ocean (2015–2019) journal April 2022
High-Latitude Phytoplankton journal November 1971
Light absorption and partitioning in Arctic Ocean surface waters: impact of multiyear ice melting journal October 2013
The importance of shelf processes for the modification of chemical constituents in the waters of the Eurasian Arctic Ocean: implication for carbon fluxes journal February 2001
Are high Arctic surface microlayers a potential source of aerosol organic precursors? journal January 2008
Seasonal dynamics of sub-ice fauna below pack ice in the Arctic (Fram Strait) journal February 2006
Diazotroph Diversity in the Sea Ice, Melt Ponds, and Surface Waters of the Eurasian Basin of the Central Arctic Ocean journal November 2016
IPCC climate models do not capture Arctic sea ice drift acceleration: Consequences in terms of projected sea ice thinning and decline journal September 2011
Snow cover affects ice algal pigment composition in the coastal Arctic Ocean during spring journal January 2013
Dimethylsulphide and dimethylsulphoniopropionate in Antarctic sea ice and their release during sea ice melting journal February 2006
A global algorithm for estimating Absolute Salinity journal January 2012
Methane cycling within sea ice: results from drifting ice during late spring, north of Svalbard journal June 2021
Decadal increase in Arctic dimethylsulfide emission journal September 2019
Arctic and Antarctic sea ice acts as a sink for atmospheric CO2 during periods of snowmelt and surface flooding journal December 2013
Terrestrial or marine – indications towards the origin of ice-nucleating particles during melt season in the European Arctic up to 83.7° N journal January 2021
Seasonal development and differential retention of ice algae and other organic fractions in first-year Arctic sea ice journal August 2011
High salinity tolerance in sea ice copepods journal September 1990
Under-ice microbial dimethylsulfoniopropionate metabolism during the melt period in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago journal March 2015
Meltwater sources and sinks for multiyear Arctic sea ice in summer journal September 2021
Primary production in Dumbell Bay in the Arctic Ocean journal January 1980
An increasing CO 2 sink in the Arctic Ocean due to sea-ice loss journal January 2006
Meteorological conditions during the MOSAiC expedition journal January 2021
Net Community Production and Carbon Exchange From Winter to Summer in the Atlantic Water Inflow to the Arctic Ocean journal September 2019
Turbulent Mixing During Late Summer in the Ice–Ocean Boundary Layer in the Central Arctic Ocean: Results From the MOSAiC Expedition journal August 2022
High concentrations of exopolymeric substances in Arctic winter sea ice: implications for the polar ocean carbon cycle and cryoprotection of diatoms journal December 2002
Physical and biological controls on oxygen saturation variability in the upper Arctic Ocean journal November 2014
Percolation blockage: A process that enables melt pond formation on first year Arctic sea ice: A PROCESS ENABLING MELT POND FORMATION journal January 2017
Oxygen supersaturations in the Chukchi and East Siberian seas journal March 1971
A New Remotely Operated Sensor Platform for Interdisciplinary Observations under Sea Ice journal September 2017
Solar heating of a stratified ocean in the presence of a static ice cover journal October 1990
Arctic Ocean Freshwater in CMIP6 Ensembles: Declining Sea Ice, Increasing Ocean Storage and Export journal April 2021
Inorganic carbon dynamics of melt-pond-covered first-year sea ice in the Canadian Arctic journal March 2015
Helicopter-borne RGB orthomosaics and photogrammetric digital elevation models from the MOSAiC Expedition journal July 2023
A laboratory study on O2 dynamics and photosynthesis in ice algal communities: quantification by microsensors, O2 exchange rates, 14C incubations and a PAM fluorometer journal January 2002
Detection of Active Microbial Enzymes in Nascent Sea Spray Aerosol: Implications for Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate journal February 2019
Density stratification effects on the ice lead heat balance and perennial ice melting in the Central Arctic journal January 2015
Surface and melt pond evolution on landfast first-year sea ice in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago journal May 2014
Increased oceanic dimethyl sulfide emissions in areas of sea ice retreat inferred from a Greenland ice core journal December 2022
Variability of Arctic sea ice thickness and volume from CryoSat-2 journal July 2015
Extracellular Matrix Assembly in Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae). v. Environmental Effects on Polysaccharide Synthesis in the Model Diatom, Phaeodactylum Tricornutum1 journal April 2006
Photogrammetric retrieval and analysis of small scale sea ice topography during summer melt journal September 2016
Arctic Ocean stability: The effects of local cooling, oceanic heat transport, freshwater input, and sea ice melt with special emphasis on the Nansen Basin journal July 2016
Modeling the evolution of the Arctic mixed layer during the fall 1997 Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) Project using measurements of 7Be journal February 2000
Impact of underwater‐ice evolution on Arctic summer sea ice journal July 2003
Sea Ice and Water Mass Influence Dimethylsulfide Concentrations in the Central Arctic Ocean journal July 2019
Aggregation of algae released from melting sea ice: implications for seeding and sedimentation journal August 1991
Biological- and physical-induced oxygen dynamics in melting sea ice of the Fram Strait journal May 2014
Preconditioning of Summer Melt Ponds From Winter Sea Ice Surface Temperature journal February 2023
Effects of snow removal and algal photoacclimation on growth and export of ice algae journal March 2010
Sea ice and snow characteristics from year-long transects at the MOSAiC Central Observatory journal February 2023
Upper‐Ocean Turbulence Structure and Ocean‐Ice Drag Coefficient Estimates Using an Ascending Microstructure Profiler During the MOSAiC Drift journal September 2022
Occurrence of an algal bloom under Arctic pack ice journal January 1996
Production rate estimation of mycosporine‐like amino acids in two Arctic melt ponds by stable isotope probing with NAH13CO3 journal September 2014
Scales of horizontal density structure in the Chukchi Sea surface layer journal January 2013
Progress in Unraveling Atmospheric New Particle Formation and Growth Across the Arctic journal July 2021
Relationships between summertime surface albedo and melt pond fraction in the central Arctic Ocean: The aggregate scale of albedo obtained on the MOSAiC floe journal June 2023
Slippery Near-Surface Layer of the Ocean Arising Due to Daytime Solar Heating journal May 1990
The Arctic Ocean’s Freshwater Budget: Sources, Storage and Export book January 2000
Ice-Tethered Profiler Measurements of Dissolved Oxygen under Permanent Ice Cover in the Arctic Ocean journal November 2010
Measuring the thicknesses of the freshwater-layer plume and sea ice in the land-fast ice region of the Mackenzie Delta using helicopter-borne sensors journal December 2008
Changes in the composition and bioavailability of dissolved organic matter during sea ice formation journal February 2015
Impact of horizontal spreading on light propagation in melt pond covered seasonal sea ice in the Canadian Arctic journal September 2011
On the Factors Affecting the rate of Ablation of sea ice journal August 1966
Absolute Salinity, ''Density Salinity'' and the Reference-Composition Salinity Scale: present and future use in the seawater standard TEOS-10 journal January 2011
Overview of the MOSAiC expedition journal January 2022
Exceptional melt pond occurrence in the years 2007 and 2011 on the Arctic sea ice revealed from MODIS satellite data journal May 2012
The Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2) journal February 2020
Phytoplankton and dimethylsulfide dynamics at two contrasting Arctic ice edges journal March 2020
Glucose as a Potential Chemical Marker for Ice Nucleating Activity in Arctic Seawater and Melt Pond Samples journal June 2019
Turbulent Upper-Ocean Mixing Affected by Meltwater Layers during Arctic Summer journal April 2017

Similar Records

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Arctic sea ice
MOSAiC expedition
Meltwater
Atmosphere-ice-ocean interactions
Air-sea gas exchange
Arctic ecosystem