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Title: Sustainable Li-ion anode material from Fe-catalyzed graphitization of paper waste

Journal Article · · Journal of Energy Storage
 [1];  [1];  [2]; ORCiD logo [3];  [1]; ORCiD logo [4]; ORCiD logo [1]
  1. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (United States)
  2. Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Jeonju (Korea, Republic of); National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
  3. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
  4. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (United States); Sejong University, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)
+ Show Author Affiliations

We report a novel method for the conversion of paper towel waste to biographite anode material is developed and optimized for use in Li-ion batteries. The surge in demand for Li-ion battery anode materials coupled with the unsustainable and inefficient methods of producing battery-grade graphite necessitate alternative carbon feedstocks and graphitization technologies. Paper waste (PW) is identified as a suitable carbon feedstock for iron-catalyzed graphitization due to its sustainability, low cost, low ash content, and ample supply for the intended end use. A Box Behnken experimental design for statistical optimization is pursued for untreated and pre-carbonized PW with factors of temperature (1100-1300 °C), hold time (1-5 h), and iron catalyst loading (0.5-1.5x fixed carbon content) with biographite crystal size as the primary response variable. Temperature and iron catalyst loading are found to be significant factors, whereas hold time is found to be insignificant. Reversible capacities of the biographite anodes are found to be 340-355 mAh g-1 with 99% capacity retention over 100 cycles, indicating good electrochemical performance relative to commercial graphite anodes. The initial Coulombic efficiency of untreated and pre-carbonized biographites, however, are 77% and 75%, respectively, suggesting parasitic reactions including electrolyte decomposition.

Research Organization:
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC36-08GO28308; EE0009260
OSTI ID:
2205105
Report Number(s):
NREL/JA--2800-87983; MainId:88758; UUID:bbbae7fe-c105-40a8-9916-e33e711867d9; MainAdminID:71010
Journal Information:
Journal of Energy Storage, Journal Name: Journal of Energy Storage Journal Issue: Part D Vol. 73; ISSN 2352-152X
Publisher:
ElsevierCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (23)

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Catalytic Graphitization of Biocarbon for Lithium‐Ion Anodes: A Minireview journal October 2023
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Kinetically Determined Phase Transition from Stage II (LiC 12 ) to Stage I (LiC 6 ) in a Graphite Anode for Li-Ion Batteries journal September 2018
Porous Graphene-like Carbon from Fast Catalytic Decomposition of Biomass for Energy Storage Applications journal December 2019
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A simple method for producing bio-based anode materials for lithium-ion batteries journal January 2020
Understanding the effect of the layer-to-layer distance on Li-intercalated graphite journal June 2012
A Review of Graphite Beneficiation Techniques journal September 2015
Mechanisms for Lithium Insertion in Carbonaceous Materials journal October 1995
Graphites for Lithium-Ion Cells: The Correlation of the First-Cycle Charge Loss with the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Surface Area journal January 1998
Formation and Growth of Surface Films on Graphitic Anode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries journal January 2005
Predicting High-Temperature Decomposition of Lithiated Graphite: Part II. Passivation Layer Evolution and the Role of Surface Area journal January 2018
Improving Paper Mechanical Properties Using Silica-modified Ground Calcium Carbonate as Filler journal October 2015
Recovery of calcium carbonate from steelmaking slag and utilization for acid mine drainage pre-treatment journal June 2012
Cellulose-precipitated calcium carbonate composites and their effect on paper properties journal January 2014
A Study on High-Rate Performance of Graphite Nanostructures Produced by Ball Milling as Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries journal January 2023
Reassessment of Crystal Growth Theory of Graphite in Cast Iron journal June 2018

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Related Subjects

25 ENERGY STORAGE
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
biomass
catalysis
electrochemical
graphite
lithium-ion anode