Morphology Evolution in Self-Healing Liquid-Gallium-Based Mg-Ion Battery Anode

Wang, Lin; Nelson Weker, Johanna; Family, Roxana; Liu, Jiaxin; Detsi, Eric

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.3c01761

Title: Morphology Evolution in Self-Healing Liquid-Gallium-Based Mg-Ion Battery Anode

Journal Article · 30 October 2023 · ACS Energy Letters

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.3c01761 · OSTI ID:2204456

Wang, Lin ^[1];

^[2]; Family, Roxana ^[3]; Liu, Jiaxin ^[3];

^[3]

University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL)
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (United States)

Conventional solid battery anodes suffer from dendrite growth and volume changes, resulting in poor cycling performances. Self-healing electrodes made of liquid metals and alloys can overcome these issues by reversibly undergoing liquid–solid phase transformations during (dis)charging. Just recently, we achieved 1000 cycles in Mg-ion battery anodes using liquid Ga as the active material, which reversibly transformed into solid Mg₂Ga₅ during (de)magnesiation. However, the fundamental mechanism behind this liquid–solid phase transformation remains unclear. In this follow-up work, cryogenic focused ion beam electron microscopy is used to elucidate the morphology evolution when liquid Ga embedded in a carbon-binder matrix transforms into solid Mg₂Ga₅ during cycling. We found that liquid Ga gradually diffuses into the surrounding matrix, increasing the contact area between active material and electrolyte, facilitating the charge transfer process. These new insights will help understand the performance of alkali- and alkaline-earth-metal batteries based on liquid anodes.

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Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 2204456

Journal Information:: ACS Energy Letters, Journal Name: ACS Energy Letters Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 8; ISSN 2380-8195

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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