Hydrocarbon-based membranes cost-effectively manage species transport and increase performance in thermally regenerative batteries

Cross, Nicholas R.; Vazquez-Sanchez, Holkan; Rau, Matthew J.; Lvov, Serguei N.; Hickner, Michael A.; Gorski, Christopher A.; Nagaraja, Shashank S.; Sarathy, S. Mani; Logan, Bruce E.; Hall, Derek M.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2023.143090

Title: Hydrocarbon-based membranes cost-effectively manage species transport and increase performance in thermally regenerative batteries

Journal Article · 26 August 2023 · Electrochimica Acta

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2023.143090 · OSTI ID:2204042

^[1];

^[2];

^[3]; Lvov, Serguei N. ^[4]; Hickner, Michael A. ^[5]; Gorski, Christopher A. ^[4];

^[2]; Sarathy, S. Mani ^[2];

^[4];

^[4]

Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA (United States); Penn State University
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal (Saudi Arabia)
George Washington University, Washington, DC (United States)
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA (United States)
Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI (United States)

Low-temperature heat (T<130°C) can be utilized by thermally regenerative batteries (TRBs) for power production, allowing the thermal energy to be converted to storable chemical potential energy. However, TRBs suffer from high ohmic losses and ammonia crossover, which has slowed their development. In this study, we examined how the use of six different membranes influenced TRB performance, determined the most influential membrane parameters, and identified promising membrane candidates that cost-effectively increase TRB performance. Of the six membranes examined, an inexpensive, hydrocarbon CEM (Selemion CMVN) had low ammonia crossover without compromising resistance, resulting in good performance across all metrics studied. A thin anion exchange membrane (Sustainion, 50 microns) showed a high peak power density of 82 mW cm^–2 due to low resistance, but the average power density and energy density were low due to high ammonia flux. Full discharge curves using Selemion CMVN provided an average power density of 26 ± 7 mW cm^–2 with an energy density of 2.9 Wh L^–1, which were large improvements on previous TRBs. A techno-economic analysis showed that Selemion CMVN had the lowest levelized cost of storage ($410 per MWh) at an applied current density of 50 mA cm^–2.

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Research Organization:: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: FE0032030

OSTI ID:: 2204042

Journal Information:: Electrochimica Acta, Journal Name: Electrochimica Acta Vol. 467; ISSN 0013-4686

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Hydrocarbon-based membranes cost-effectively manage species transport and increase performance in thermally regenerative batteries

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