All polymer microfluidic chips—A fixed target sample delivery workhorse for serial crystallography

Gu, Kevin K.; Liu, Zhongrui; Narayanasamy, Sankar Raju; Shelby, Megan L.; Chan, Nicholas; Coleman, Matthew A.; Frank, Matthias; Kuhl, Tonya L.

doi:10.1063/5.0167164

Title: All polymer microfluidic chips—A fixed target sample delivery workhorse for serial crystallography

Journal Article · 13 October 2023 · Biomicrofluidics

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0167164 · OSTI ID:2203349

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University of California at Davis, CA (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA (United States)

The development of x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) light sources and serial crystallography methodologies has led to a revolution in protein crystallography, enabling the determination of previously unobtainable protein structures and near-atomic resolution of otherwise poorly diffracting protein crystals. However, to utilize XFEL sources efficiently demands the continuous, rapid delivery of a large number of difficult-to-handle microcrystals to the x-ray beam. A recently developed fixed-target system, in which crystals of interest are enclosed within a sample holder, which is rastered through the x-ray beam, is discussed in detail in this Perspective. The fixed target is easy to use, maintains sample hydration, and can be readily modified to allow a broad range of sample types and different beamline requirements. Recent innovations demonstrate the potential of such microfluidic-based fixed targets to be an all-around “workhorse” for serial crystallography measurements. In conclusion, this Perspective will summarize recent advancements in microfluidic fixed targets for serial crystallography, examine needs for future development, and guide users in designing, choosing, and utilizing a fixed-target sample delivery device for their system.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Science Foundation (NSF); National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 2203349

Report Number(s):: LLNL--JRNL-856310; 1085690

Journal Information:: Biomicrofluidics, Journal Name: Biomicrofluidics Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 17; ISSN 1932-1058

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Biological and medical sciences
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Free electron lasers
Hygrometry
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Polymers
Protein crystallization
Protein structure
Synchrotrons
Thin films
X-rays

Title: All polymer microfluidic chips—A fixed target sample delivery workhorse for serial crystallography

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