Ultrafast x-ray detection of low-spin iron in molten silicate under deep planetary interior conditions

Shim, Sang-Heon; Ko, Byeongkwan; Sokaras, Dimosthenis; Nagler, Bob; Lee, He Ja; Galtier, Eric; Glenzer, Siegfried; Granados, Eduardo; Vinci, Tommaso; Fiquet, Guillaume; Dolinschi, Jonathan; Tappan, Jackie; Kulka, Britany; Mao, Wendy L.; Morard, Guillaume; Ravasio, Alessandra; Gleason, Arianna; Alonso-Mori, Roberto

doi:10.1126/sciadv.adi6153

Title: Ultrafast x-ray detection of low-spin iron in molten silicate under deep planetary interior conditions

Journal Article · 19 October 2023 · Science Advances

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adi6153 · OSTI ID:2202763

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Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ (United States)
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau (France)
Sorbonne University, Paris (France); Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris (France)
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Stanford University, CA (United States)
Sorbonne University, Paris (France); Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris (France); University of Grenoble Alpes, Universe Savoie Mont Blanc, Universite Gustave Eiffel, Grenoble (France)

The spin state of Fe can alter the key physical properties of silicate melts, affecting the early differentiation and the dynamic stability of the melts in the deep rocky planets. The low-spin state of Fe can increase the affinity of Fe for the melt over the solid phases and the electrical conductivity of melt at high pressures. However, the spin state of Fe has never been measured in dense silicate melts due to experimental challenges. We report detection of dominantly low-spin Fe in dynamically compressed olivine melt at 150 to 256 gigapascals and 3000 to 6000 kelvin using laser-driven shock wave compression combined with femtosecond x-ray diffraction and x-ray emission spectroscopy using an x-ray free electron laser. The observation of dominantly low-spin Fe supports gravitationally stable melt in the deep mantle and generation of a dynamo from the silicate melt portion of rocky planets.

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Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES); National Science Foundation (NSF); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); European Research Council (ERC); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; National Institutes of Health (NIH); Agence National de la Recherche

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 2202763

Journal Information:: Science Advances, Journal Name: Science Advances Journal Issue: 42 Vol. 9; ISSN 2375-2548

Publisher:: AAASCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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