Power Quality in Microgrids: A Critical Review of Fundamentals, Standards, and Case Studies

Sepasi, Saeed; Talichet, Celia; Pramanik, Abrar Shahriar

doi:10.1109/access.2023.3321301

Title: Power Quality in Microgrids: A Critical Review of Fundamentals, Standards, and Case Studies

Journal Article · 02 October 2023 · IEEE Access

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3321301 · OSTI ID:2007239

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Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (United States). Hawaii Natural Energy Institute (HNEI)

Integration of renewable energy sources into the power grid has become a critical research topic in recent years. Microgrid technology has emerged as a promising option to integrate distributed generation and facilitate the widespread use of grid-connected renewable energy. However, ensuring appropriate power quality (PQ) in microgrids is challenging. High PQ is crucial for achieving energy efficiency and proper operation of equipment. This comprehensive review paper offers an overview of PQ issues in microgrids, covering various types of PQ disturbances, their key features, and the most relevant PQ standards. Additionally, it provides an extensive case study review of published research on PQ analysis of microgrid and renewable energy based systems. The key findings of each case study and their investigation method are emphasized. The paper also discusses in detail the different approaches and models employed in these studies to assess PQ issues. A wide range of microgrid systems is presented, featuring various sizes, configurations, topologies, and components, such as photovoltaic and wind systems, energy storage systems, and electric vehicles. Overall, the paper emphasizes the importance of maintaining high PQ in microgrids and provides a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners interested in this topic.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (United States). Hawaii Natural Energy Institute (HNEI)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Electricity (OE); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office; USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0020281

OSTI ID:: 2007239

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2008132; OSTI ID: 2205516; OSTI ID: 2205574

Report Number(s):: DOE-UHM-20281-20231113-0

Journal Information:: IEEE Access, Vol. 11; ISSN 2169-3536

Publisher:: IEEECopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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State of the Art in Research on Microgrids: A Review Parhizi, Sina; Lotfi, Hossein; Khodaei, Amin IEEE Access, Vol. 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2015.2443119	journal	January 2015
Power system harmonics. Part 3: Problems caused by distorted supplies Yacamini, R. Power Engineering Journal, Vol. 9, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1049/pe:19950507	journal	October 1995
Investigation and Assessment of Stabilization Solutions for DC Microgrid With Dynamic Loads Mohamad, Ahmed M. E. I.; Mohamed, Yasser Abdel-Rady I. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Vol. 10, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2019.2890817	journal	September 2019
Power Quality in DC Power Distribution Systems and Microgrids Whaite, Stephen; Grainger, Brandon; Kwasinski, Alexis Energies, Vol. 8, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3390/en8054378	journal	May 2015
Overview of the Propagation of Supraharmonics in Power Systems Prudenzi, Alberto; Fioravanti, Andrea; Silvestri, Andrea 2022 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT) https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT56783.2022.9951834	conference	October 2022
DC Microgrid Technology: System Architectures, AC Grid Interfaces, Grounding Schemes, Power Quality, Communication Networks, Applications, and Standardizations Aspects Kumar, Dinesh; Zare, Firuz; Ghosh, Arindam IEEE Access, Vol. 5 https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2705914	journal	January 2017
Analysis of supra-harmonics in smart grids Yalcin, Turgay; Ozdemir, Muammer; Kostyla, Pawel 2017 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2017 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe) https://doi.org/10.1109/EEEIC.2017.7977812	conference	June 2017
AC and DC Microgrid with Distributed Energy Resources Chen, Dong; Xu, Lie Technologies and Applications for Smart Charging of Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43651-7_2	book	December 2016
Interharmonics in power systems Gunther, E. W. 2001 Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37262) https://doi.org/10.1109/PESS.2001.970156	conference	January 2001
AC-microgrids versus DC-microgrids with distributed energy resources: A review Justo, Jackson John; Mwasilu, Francis; Lee, Ju Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 24 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.03.067	journal	August 2013
Supraharmonics in Power Grid: Identification, Standards, and Measurement Techniques Alfalahi, Saad T. Y.; Alkahtani, Ammar Ahmed; Al-Shetwi, Ali Q. IEEE Access, Vol. 9 https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3099013	journal	January 2021
A comparative study of DC and AC microgrids in commercial buildings across different climates and operating profiles Fregosi, Daniel; Ravula, Sharmila; Brhlik, Dusan 2015 IEEE First International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM) https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152031	conference	June 2015
Future work on harmonics - some expert opinions Part II - supraharmonics, standards and measurements Meyer, Jan; Bollen, Math; Amaris, Hortensia 2014 16th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power (ICHQP) https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHQP.2014.6842871	conference	May 2014
Power Quality Control of Smart Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids: An Overview Nejabatkhah, Farzam; Li, Yun Wei; Tian, Hao IEEE Access, Vol. 7 https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2912376	journal	January 2019
Microgrids in active network management – part II: System operation, power quality and protection Palizban, Omid; Kauhaniemi, Kimmo; Guerrero, Josep M. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 36 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.04.048	journal	August 2014
New Power Quality Indices for the Assessment of Waveform Distortions from 0 to 150 kHz in Power Systems with Renewable Generation and Modern Non-Linear Loads Alfieri, Luisa; Bracale, Antonio; Larsson, Anders Energies, Vol. 10, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.3390/en10101633	journal	October 2017
Energy efficient DC-grids for commercial buildings Wunder, Bernd; Ott, Leopold; Szpek, Marek 2014 IEEE 36th International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC) https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2014.6972215	conference	September 2014
Supraharmonics (2 to 150 kHz) and multi-level converters Moreno-Munoz, Antonio; Gil-de-Castro, Aurora; Romero-Cavadal, Enrique 2015 IEEE 5th International Conference on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives (POWERENG) https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerEng.2015.7266293	conference	May 2015

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