Decoding the age–chemical structure of the Milky Way disc: an application of copulas and elicitable maps

Patil, Aarya A.; Bovy, Jo; Jaimungal, Sebastian; Frankel, Neige; Leung, Henry W.

doi:10.1093/mnras/stad2820

Title: Decoding the age–chemical structure of the Milky Way disc: an application of copulas and elicitable maps

Journal Article · 18 September 2023 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad2820 · OSTI ID:2007120

;

; Jaimungal, Sebastian; Frankel, Neige;

ABSTRACT In the Milky Way, the distribution of stars in the [α/Fe] versus [Fe/H] and [Fe/H] versus age planes holds essential information about the history of star formation, accretion, and dynamical evolution of the Galactic disc. We investigate these planes by applying novel statistical methods called copulas and elicitable maps to the ages and abundances of red giants in the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment survey. We find that the high- and low-α disc stars have a clean separation in copula space and use this to provide an automated separation of the α sequences using a purely statistical approach. This separation reveals that the high-α disc ends at the same [α/Fe] and age at high [Fe/H] as the low-[Fe/H] start of the low-α disc, thus supporting a sequential formation scenario for the high- and low-α discs. We then combine copulas with elicitable maps to precisely obtain the correlation between stellar age τ and metallicity [Fe/H] conditional on Galactocentric radius R and height z in the range 0 < R < 20 kpc and |z| < 2 kpc. The resulting trends in the age–metallicity correlation with radius, height, and [α/Fe] demonstrate a ≈0 correlation wherever kinematically cold orbits dominate, while the naively expected negative correlation is present where kinematically hot orbits dominate. This is consistent with the effects of spiral-driven radial migration, which must be strong enough to completely flatten the age–metallicity structure of the low-α disc.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

OSTI ID:: 2007120

Journal Information:: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Journal Name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 526; ISSN 0035-8711

Publisher:: Oxford University PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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Final Targeting Strategy for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 North Survey Beaton, Rachael L.; Oelkers, Ryan J.; Hayes, Christian R. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 162, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac260c	journal	December 2021
Final Targeting Strategy for the SDSS-IV APOGEE-2S Survey Santana, Felipe A.; Beaton, Rachael L.; Covey, Kevin R. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 162, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac2cbc	journal	December 2021
The Emptiness Inside: Finding Gaps, Valleys, and Lacunae with Geometric Data Analysis Contardo, Gabriella; Hogg, David W.; Hunt, Jason A. S. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 164, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac961e	journal	October 2022
Measuring Radial Orbit Migration in the Galactic Disk Frankel, Neige; Rix, Hans-Walter; Ting, Yuan-Sen The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 865, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aadba5	journal	September 2018
APOGEE [C/N] Abundances across the Galaxy: Migration and Infall from Red Giant Ages Hasselquist, Sten; Holtzman, Jon A.; Shetrone, Matthew The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 871, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaf859	journal	January 2019
Chemical Cartography with APOGEE: Multi-element Abundance Ratios Weinberg, David H.; Holtzman, Jon A.; Hasselquist, Sten The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 874, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab07c7	journal	March 2019
The Vertical Motion History of Disk Stars throughout the Galaxy Ting, Yuan-Sen; Rix, Hans-Walter The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 878, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab1ea5	journal	June 2019
High- and Low-α Disk Stars Separate Dynamically at All Ages Gandhi, Suroor S.; Ness, Melissa K. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2981	journal	August 2019
Variations in α -element Ratios Trace the Chemical Evolution of the Disk Blancato, Kirsten; Ness, Melissa; Johnston, Kathryn V. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 883, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab39e5	journal	September 2019
In the Galactic Disk, Stellar [Fe/H] and Age Predict Orbits and Precise [X/Fe] Ness, M. K.; Johnston, K. V.; Blancato, K. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 883, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab3e3c	journal	October 2019
Keeping It Cool: Much Orbit Migration, yet Little Heating, in the Galactic Disk Frankel, Neige; Sanders, Jason; Ting (丁源森), Yuan-Sen The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 896, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab910c	journal	June 2020
Tracing the Assembly of the Milky Way’s Disk through Abundance Clustering Ratcliffe, Bridget L.; Ness, Melissa K.; Johnston, Kathryn V. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 900, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abac61	journal	September 2020
Functional Data Analysis for Extracting the Intrinsic Dimensionality of Spectra: Application to Chemical Homogeneity in the Open Cluster M67 Patil, Aarya A.; Bovy, Jo; Eadie, Gwendolyn The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 926, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac35d6	journal	February 2022
Stellar Abundance Maps of the Milky Way Disk Eilers, Anna-Christina; Hogg, David W.; Rix, Hans-Walter The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 928, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac54ad	journal	March 2022
The Astropy Project: Sustaining and Growing a Community-oriented Open-source Project and the Latest Major Release (v5.0) of the Core Package* The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 935, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac7c74	journal	August 2022
Asteroseismology of 16,000 Kepler Red Giants: Global Oscillation Parameters, Masses, and Radii Yu, Jie; Huber, Daniel; Bedding, Timothy R. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 236, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aaaf74	journal	June 2018
The Second APOKASC Catalog: The Empirical Approach Pinsonneault, Marc H.; Elsworth, Yvonne P.; Tayar, Jamie The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 239, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aaebfd	journal	December 2018
The Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar, and APOGEE-2 Data The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 259, Issue 2, p. 35 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ac4414	journal	March 2022
The Splash without a Merger Amarante, João A. S.; Beraldo e. Silva, Leandro; Debattista, Victor P. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 891, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab78a4	journal	March 2020
The Prince and The Pauper: Co-evolution of the thin and thick disc in the Milky Way Gent, Matthew Raymond; Eitner, Phillip; Laporte, Chervin F. P. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2206.10949	preprint	January 2022
Improving Power Spectral Estimation using Multitapering: Precise asteroseismic modeling of stars, exoplanets, and beyond Patil, Aarya A.; Eadie, Gwendolyn M.; Speagle, Joshua S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2209.15027	preprint	January 2022

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