Reacceleration of Galactic Cosmic Rays beyond the Knee at the Termination Shock of a Cosmic-Ray-driven Galactic Wind

Mukhopadhyay, Payel; Peretti, Enrico; Globus, Noémie; Simeon, Paul; Blandford, Roger

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acdc9b

Title: Reacceleration of Galactic Cosmic Rays beyond the Knee at the Termination Shock of a Cosmic-Ray-driven Galactic Wind

Journal Article · 01 August 2023 · The Astrophysical Journal

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acdc9b · OSTI ID:1999243

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SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Stanford Univ., CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. of Copenhagen (Denmark). The Niels Bohr Inst.
Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA (United States); RIKEN, Saitama (Japan). Astrophysical Big Bang Laboratory
Independent Researcher (United States)
Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (KIPAC)

The origin of cosmic rays (CRs) above the knee in the spectrum is an unsolved problem. We present a wind model in which interstellar gas flows along a nonrotating, expanding flux tube with a changing speed and cross-sectional area. CRs from Galactic sources, such as supernova remnants, which are coupled to the plasma via Alfvén waves, provide the main pressure source for driving this outflow. These CRs are then subject to diffusive shock reacceleration at the Galactic wind termination shock, which is located at a distance ~200 kpc. Some of the highest-energy reaccelerated particles propagate upstream against the wind and can contribute to the petaelectronvolt to exaelectronvolt range of the spectrum. We analyze the conditions under which efficient reacceleration can occur and find that rigidities ~10–40 PV can be obtained and that the termination shock may account for between 10% and 50% of the proton spectrum measured in IceCube/IceTop experiment. In our model, the termination shock is unable to fully explain the CR spectrum in the petaelectronvolt to exaelectronvolt range. The highest-energy particles that escape downstream from our termination shock, and similar shocks surrounding most galaxies, can be further accelerated by intergalactic shock fronts.

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Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); European Union (EU)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; 847523

OSTI ID:: 1999243

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 953, Issue 1; ISSN 0004-637X

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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