High‐Throughput Evaluation of Hardening Coefficients of Eight Alloying Elements in Magnesium

Wang, Chuangye; Zhong, Wei; Garnett, Jess; Zhao, Ji-Cheng

doi:10.1002/adem.202300847

Title: High‐Throughput Evaluation of Hardening Coefficients of Eight Alloying Elements in Magnesium

Journal Article · 05 September 2023 · Advanced Engineering Materials

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202300847 · OSTI ID:1998843

Wang, Chuangye ^[1]; Zhong, Wei ^[1]; Garnett, Jess ^[1];

^[1]

Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA

Liquid–solid diffusion couples (LSDCs) are employed to generate a composition gradient in the single‐phase hexagonal closed‐packed (hcp) solid solution with compositions up to the solubility limit of various solutes in Mg. Nanoindentation scanning across the composition gradient in LSDCs allows effective evaluation of composition‐dependent hardness of eight alloying elements (Al, Ca, Ce, Gd, Li, Sn, Y, and Zn) in the hcp Mg phase. The hardening coefficients, an indicator of the potency of solid‐solution hardening, are evaluated from the measured composition‐hardness data and correlated with various materials properties such as atomic radius, shear modulus, and elastic modulus of the solutes. The rank of hardening potency of Al, Gd, Sn, Y, and Zn measured by nanoindentation is in good agreement with that measured by microindentation reported in the literature. The hardening coefficient (potency) from the strongest to the weakest is Ce > Ca > Y ≈ Gd > Zn > Al ≈ Sn > Li in Mg‐based hcp binary solid solutions. The hardening coefficient is found to be closely correlated with the strengthening potency.

View Journal Article

Cite

Export

Save

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: NONE; EE0006450

OSTI ID:: 1998843

Journal Information:: Advanced Engineering Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Engineering Materials Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 26; ISSN 1438-1656

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

References (54)

A Combinatorial Approach for Structural Materials Zhao, J. -C. Advanced Engineering Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/1527-2648(200103)3:3<143::AID-ADEM143>3.0.CO;2-F	journal	March 2001
Substitution Effects of Gd with Nd on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Mg–10Gd–0.4Zr Alloys Luo, Shifeng; Yang, Guangyu; Qin, He Advanced Engineering Materials, Vol. 22, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201901576	journal	April 2020
Effects of Y Additions on the Microstructures and Mechanical Behaviours of as Cast Mg–xY–0.5Zr Alloys You, Sihang; Huang, Yuanding; Dieringa, Hajo Advanced Engineering Materials, Vol. 24, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202101033	journal	January 2022
Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Biodegradable Mg–0.5Zr–0.5Ca–xZn Magnesium Alloys Ghorbani, Fereshte; Mirzadeh, Hamed; Dehghanian, Changiz Advanced Engineering Materials, Vol. 25, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202201778	journal	January 2023
Alloy solid solution strengthening of Mg alloys: Valence effect Chen, Kuiying; Boyle, Kevin P. physica status solidi (b), Vol. 249, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.201248195	journal	August 2012
Physical Metallurgy Mordike, Barry L.; Lukáč, Pavel Magnesium Technology https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-30812-1_3	book	January 2006
Precipitation and Hardening in Magnesium Alloys Nie, Jian-Feng Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 43, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-012-1217-2	journal	July 2012
Evaluation of Solid-Solution Hardening in Several Binary Alloy Systems Using Diffusion Couples Combined with Nanoindentation Kadambi, Sourabh B.; Divya, V. D.; Ramamurty, U. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 48, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-017-4250-3	journal	July 2017
First Reliable Diffusion Coefficients for Mg-Y and Additional Reliable Diffusion Coefficients for Mg-Sn and Mg-Zn Zhong, Wei; Zhao, Ji-Cheng Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 48, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-017-4378-1	journal	October 2017
Mechanical Property of Pure Magnesium: From Orientation Perspective Pertaining to Deviation from Basal Orientation Sahoo, S. K.; Sabat, R. K.; Panda, S. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Vol. 24, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-015-1522-1	journal	April 2015
Magnesium alloy applications in automotive structures Easton, Mark; Beer, Aiden; Barnett, Matthew JOM, Vol. 60, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-008-0150-8	journal	November 2008
Solution hardening Fleisgher, R. L. Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 9, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(61)90242-5	journal	November 1961
Solution hardening of magnesium single crystals by tin at room temperature van der Planken, J.; Deruyttere, A. Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 17, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(69)90026-1	journal	April 1969
Solid solution strengthening of magnesium single crystals—I alloying behaviour in basal slip Akhtar, A.; Teghtsoonian, E. Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 17, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(69)90151-5	journal	November 1969
Statistische theorien der mischkristallhärtung Labusch, R. Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 20, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(72)90085-5	journal	July 1972
Plastic indentation in metals with cones Atkins, A. G.; Tabor, D. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, Vol. 13, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5096(65)90018-9	journal	June 1965
Indentation size effects in crystalline materials: A law for strain gradient plasticity Nix, William D.; Gao, Huajian Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, Vol. 46, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5096(97)00086-0	journal	March 1998
Magnesium Mordike, B. L.; Ebert, T. Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 302, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01351-4	journal	April 2001
Solid solution strengthening in concentrated Mg–Al alloys Cáceres, C. H.; Rovera, D. M. Journal of Light Metals, Vol. 1, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1471-5317(01)00008-6	journal	August 2001
Indentation size effect in Ni–Fe solid solutions Durst, K.; Franke, O.; Böhner, A. Acta Materialia, Vol. 55, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2007.08.044	journal	December 2007
First-principles data for solid-solution strengthening of magnesium: From geometry and chemistry to properties Yasi, Joseph A.; Hector, Louis G.; Trinkle, Dallas R. Acta Materialia, Vol. 58, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2010.06.045	journal	October 2010
Effect of solid solution elements on nanoindentation hardness, rate dependence, and incipient plasticity in fine grained magnesium alloys Somekawa, Hidetoshi; Schuh, Christopher A. Acta Materialia, Vol. 59, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2011.08.047	journal	December 2011
Solute strengthening of twinning dislocations in Mg alloys Ghazisaeidi, M.; Hector, L. G.; Curtin, W. A. Acta Materialia, Vol. 80 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2014.07.045	journal	November 2014
Solute strengthening in random alloys Varvenne, C.; Leyson, G. P. M.; Ghazisaeidi, M. Acta Materialia, Vol. 124 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.09.046	journal	February 2017
Core structure and solute strengthening of second-order pyramidal 〈 c + a 〉 dislocations in Mg-Y alloys Buey, D.; Hector, L. G.; Ghazisaeidi, M. Acta Materialia, Vol. 147 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2017.12.066	journal	April 2018
Effect of solute content and temperature on the deformation mechanisms and critical resolved shear stress in Mg-Al and Mg-Zn alloys Wang, J. -Y.; Li, N.; Alizadeh, R. Acta Materialia, Vol. 170 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2019.03.027	journal	May 2019
An integrated experimental and computational study of diffusion and atomic mobility of the aluminum–magnesium system Zhong, Wei; Hooshmand, Mohammad Shahriar; Ghazisaeidi, Maryam Acta Materialia, Vol. 189 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2019.12.054	journal	May 2020
Magnesium and its alloys as orthopedic biomaterials: A review Staiger, Mark P.; Pietak, Alexis M.; Huadmai, Jerawala Biomaterials, Vol. 27, Issue 9, p. 1728-1734 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.10.003	journal	March 2006
Investigation of diffusion behavior and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn system Ouyang, Yifang; Liu, Ke; Peng, Chenyu Calphad, Vol. 65 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2019.03.003	journal	June 2019
Diffusion kinetics, mechanical properties, and crystallographic characterization of intermetallic compounds in the Mg–Zn binary system Kammerer, C. C.; Behdad, S.; Zhou, L. Intermetallics, Vol. 67 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2015.08.001	journal	December 2015
Solid solution strengthening behaviors in binary Mg–Y single phase alloys Gao, L.; Chen, R. S.; Han, E. H. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 472, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.04.049	journal	March 2009
Effects of rare-earth elements Gd and Y on the solid solution strengthening of Mg alloys Gao, L.; Chen, R. S.; Han, E. H. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 481, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.02.131	journal	July 2009
Solid solution strengthening in polycrystals of Mg–Sn binary alloys Shi, B. Q.; Chen, R. S.; Ke, W. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 509, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.12.065	journal	February 2011
High-throughput evaluation of stress–strain relationships in Ni–Co–Cr ternary systems via indentation testing of diffusion couples Goto, Kenta; Ikeda, Ayako; Osada, Toshio Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 910 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.164868	journal	July 2022
An investigation on annealing process and strengthening mechanism of cold rolled Mg-10Li-3Al-2.8Zn alloy Wang, Bingshu; Zhang, Yonggan; Deng, Liping Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 961 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.171087	journal	October 2023
Research advances of magnesium and magnesium alloys worldwide in 2021 Song, Jiangfeng; Chen, Jing; Xiong, Xiaoming Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, Vol. 10, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2022.04.001	journal	April 2022
Multi-solute solid solution behavior and its effect on the properties of magnesium alloys Wang, Jun; Yuan, Yuan; Chen, Tao Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, Vol. 10, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2022.06.015	journal	July 2022
A Review on Casting Magnesium Alloys: Modification of Commercial Alloys and Development of New Alloys Pan, Fusheng; Yang, Mingbo; Chen, Xianhua Journal of Materials Science & Technology, Vol. 32, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2016.07.001	journal	December 2016
Composition optimization of high-strength Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloys based on the structural unit of Mg-Gd solid solution Jiang, Rui; Qian, Shengnan; Dong, Chuang Journal of Materials Science & Technology, Vol. 72 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2020.08.041	journal	May 2021
Nanoindentation identifications of mechanical properties of Cu6Sn5, Cu3Sn, and Ni3Sn4 intermetallic compounds derived by diffusion couples Yang, Ping-Feng; Lai, Yi-Shao; Jian, Sheng-Rui Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 485, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.07.093	journal	June 2008
Measurements of diffusion coefficients of Ce, Gd and Mn in Mg Zhong, Wei; Zhao, Ji-Cheng Materialia, Vol. 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2019.100353	journal	September 2019
First measurement of diffusion coefficients of lithium in magnesium Zhong, Wei; Zhao, Ji-Cheng Materialia, Vol. 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2020.100674	journal	June 2020
First experimental measurement of calcium diffusion in magnesium using novel liquid-solid diffusion couples and forward-simulation analysis Zhong, Wei; Zhao, Ji-Cheng Scripta Materialia, Vol. 127 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2016.09.008	journal	January 2017
Diffusion behaviors and mechanical properties of binary Mg–Ce system Liu, Fali; Fang, Liyang; Li, Zhiying Vacuum, Vol. 216 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2023.112409	journal	October 2023
A new view of the onset of plasticity during the nanoindentation of aluminium Minor, Andrew M.; Syed Asif, S. A.; Shan, Zhiwei Nature Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1714	journal	August 2006
Substitutional solution hardening of magnesium single crystals Akhtar, A.; Teghtsoonian, E. Philosophical Magazine, Vol. 25, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1080/14786437208229311	journal	April 1972
Pop-in effect as homogeneous nucleation of dislocations during nanoindentation Lorenz, D.; Zeckzer, A.; Hilpert, U. Physical Review B, Vol. 67, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.67.172101	journal	May 2003
Recent magnesium alloy development for elevated temperature applications Luo, A. A. International Materials Reviews, Vol. 49, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1179/095066004225010497	journal	February 2004
An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments Oliver, W. C.; Pharr, G. M. Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 7, Issue 06, p. 1564-1583 https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1992.1564	journal	June 1992
A combinatorial approach for efficient mapping of phase diagrams and properties Zhao, Ji-Cheng Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 16, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.2001.0218	journal	June 2001
Measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by instrumented indentation: Advances in understanding and refinements to methodology Oliver, W. C.; Pharr, G. M. Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 19, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.19.1.3	journal	January 2004
Nanoindentation investigations to study solid solution hardening in Ni-based diffusion couples Franke, Oliver; Durst, Karsten; Göken, Mathias Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 24, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2009.0135	journal	March 2009
High-strain-rate nanoindentation behavior of fine-grained magnesium alloys Somekawa, Hidetoshi; Schuh, Christopher A. Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 27, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2012.52	journal	March 2012
On the Flow Stress of α Solid Solution Mg-Li Alloy Single Crystals Yoshinaga, Hideo; Horiuchi, Ryo Transactions of the Japan Institute of Metals, Vol. 4, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans1960.4.134	journal	January 1963

Similar Records

Crystal structure, energetics, and phase stability of strengthening precipitates in Mg alloys: A first-principles study

Journal Article · 2018 · Acta Materialia · OSTI ID:1543505

Wang, Dongshu; Amsler, Maximilian; Hegde, Vinay I.; +5 more

RARE EARTH ALLOYS

Journal Article · 1963 · Metalloved. i Term. Obrabotka Metal. · OSTI ID:4640988

Terekhova, V F

Effects of Ce additions on the age hardening response of Mg–Zn alloys

Journal Article · 2015 · Materials Characterization · OSTI ID:22476046

Langelier, Brian; Esmaeili, Shahrzad

Title: High‐Throughput Evaluation of Hardening Coefficients of Eight Alloying Elements in Magnesium

Citation Formats

References (54)

Similar Records

Related Subjects