Detecting nanometer-scale new forces with coherent neutron scattering

Bogorad, Zachary; Graham, Peter W.; Gratta, Giorgio

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.108.055005

Title: Detecting nanometer-scale new forces with coherent neutron scattering

Journal Article · 06 September 2023 · Physical Review D

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.108.055005 · OSTI ID:1998801

^[1];

^[1]; Gratta, Giorgio ^[1]

Stanford University, CA (United States)

Significant effort has been devoted to searching for new fundamental forces of nature. At short length scales (below approximately 10 nm), the strongest experimental constraints come from neutron scattering from individual nuclei in gases. The leading experiments at longer length scales instead measure forces between macroscopic test masses. We propose a hybrid of these two approaches: scattering neutrons off of a target that has spatial structure at nanoscopic length scales. Such structures will give a coherent enhancement to small-angle scattering, where the new force is most significant. This can considerably improve the sensitivity of neutron scattering experiments for new forces in the 0.1–100 nm range. We discuss the backgrounds due to Standard Model interactions and a variety of potential target structures that could be used, estimating the resulting sensitivities. We show that, using only one day of beam time at a modern neutron scattering facility, our proposal has the potential to detect new forces as much as 2 orders of magnitude beyond current laboratory constraints at the appropriate length scales.

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Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Stanford U., ITP; Stanford U., Phys. Dept.; Stanford Univ., CA (United States); Stanford University, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF); Simons Investigator; US Department of Energy; USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89243024CSC000002; AC02-07CH11359; SC0017970

OSTI ID:: 1998801

Report Number(s):: FERMILAB-PUB-23-160-SQMS-V

Journal Information:: Physical Review D, Journal Name: Physical Review D Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 108; ISSN 2470-0010; ISSN 2470-0029

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Dark Matter Axions, Non-Newtonian Gravity and Constraints on Them from Recent Measurements of the Casimir Force in the Micrometer Separation Range Klimchitskaya, Galina L.; Mostepanenko, Vladimir M. Universe, Vol. 7, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.3390/universe7090343	journal	September 2021
Studying Soft-matter and Biological Systems over a Wide Length-scale from Nanometer and Micrometer Sizes at the Small-angle Neutron Diffractometer KWS-2 Radulescu, Aurel; Szekely, Noemi Kinga; Appavou, Marie-Sousai Journal of Visualized Experiments, Issue 118 https://doi.org/10.3791/54639	journal	December 2016
Carbon nanotubes-properties and applications: a review Ibrahim, Khalid Saeed Carbon letters, Vol. 14, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.5714/CL.2013.14.3.131	journal	July 2013
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