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Title: Challenges and Prospects of Sodium‐Ion and Potassium‐Ion Batteries for Mass Production

Journal Article · · Advanced Energy Materials
 [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1]
  1. Materials Science &, Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA

Abstract The exponential growth of the lithium‐ion (LIB) market is causing a significant disparity between the supply chain and demand for its resources. In this regard, sodium‐ion and potassium‐ion batteries are promising alternatives to LIBs due to their low cost. However, the larger sizes of Na + and K + ions create challenges that prevent them from achieving energy densities comparable to LIBs while maintaining an acceptable cycle life. In this perspective, the aim is to evaluate the status of Na‐ion and K‐ion batteries and the challenges associated with them on both fundamental and commercial levels. The focus is on the structural instability arising from phase transitions during cycling, intricate chemical degradation processes, and potential avenues for enhancing their performance with a specific goal of improving their viability for grid‐scale energy storage. Materials production and abundance limitations for the chemistries of the state‐of‐the‐art materials and account for critical parameters from both the perspective of researchers and investors are analyzed. This analysis aims to provide insights into the strategic trade‐offs required to effectively implement the technology in real‐world applications, such as grid‐scale storage and other areas. Furthermore, the utilization of metals with low or no supply‐chain problems as an important aspect of these trade‐offs is considered.

Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
DE‐SC0005397
OSTI ID:
1998215
Journal Information:
Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Energy Materials Vol. 13 Journal Issue: 39; ISSN 1614-6832
Publisher:
Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
Germany
Language:
English

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