Dynamic optical spectroscopy and pyrometry of static targets under optical and x-ray laser heating at the European XFEL

Ball, O. B.; Prescher, C.; Appel, K.; Baehtz, C.; Baron, M. A.; Briggs, R.; Cerantola, V.; Chantel, J.; Chariton, S.; Coleman, A. L.; Cynn, H.; Damker, H.; Dattelbaum, D.; Dresselhaus-Marais, L. E.; Eggert, J. H.; Ehm, L.; Evans, W. J.; Fiquet, G.; Frost, M.; Glazyrin, K.; Goncharov, A. F.; Husband, R. J.; Hwang, H.; Jaisle, N.; Jenei, Zs; Kim, J. -Y.; Lee, Y.; Liermann, H. P.; Mainberger, J.; Makita, M.; Marquardt, H.; McBride, E. E.; McHardy, J. D.; McMahon, M. I.; Merkel, S.; Morard, G.; O’Bannon, E. F.; Otzen, C.; Pace, E. J.; Pelka, A.; Pépin, C. M.; Pigott, J. S.; Plückthun, C.; Prakapenka, V. B.; Redmer, R.; Speziale, S.; Spiekermann, G.; Strohm, C.; Sturtevant, B. T.; Talkovski, P.; Wollenweber, L.; Zastrau, U.; McWilliams, R. S.; Konôpková, Z.

doi:10.1063/5.0142196

Title: Dynamic optical spectroscopy and pyrometry of static targets under optical and x-ray laser heating at the European XFEL

Journal Article · 01 August 2023 · Journal of Applied Physics

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0142196 · OSTI ID:1998190

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Univ. of Edinburgh, Scotland (United Kingdom); SLAC
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany); Univ. of Freiburg (Germany)
European XFEL, Schenefeld (Germany)
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (Germany)
Sorbonne Univ., Paris (France); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (France); Univ. Lille (France)
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Univ. Lille (France); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (France)
Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States)
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany)
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Univ. of Edinburgh, Scotland (United Kingdom); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)
Sorbonne Univ., Paris (France); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (France)
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Carnegie Science, Earth and Planets Laboratory, Washington, DC (United States)
Univ. of Edinburgh, Scotland (United Kingdom)
Univ. of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble (France); Université Savoie Mont Blanc (France); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (France)
Hanyang Univ., Seoul (Korea, Republic of)
Yonsei Univ., Seoul (Korea, Republic of)
Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom)
Univ. of Edinburgh, Scotland (United Kingdom); Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany)
Univ. of Edinburgh, Scotland (United Kingdom); Sorbonne Univ., Paris (France); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (France)
Univ. Paris-Saclay (France); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (France)
Univ. of Edinburgh, Scotland (United Kingdom); Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany); European XFEL, Schenefeld (Germany)
Univ. of Rostock (Germany)
German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), Potsdam (Germany)
Eidgenoessische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zurich (Switzerland)

Experiments accessing extreme conditions at x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) involve rapidly evolving conditions of temperature. Here, we report time-resolved, direct measurements of temperature using spectral streaked optical pyrometry of x-ray and optical laser-heated states at the High Energy Density instrument of the European XFEL. This collection of typical experiments, coupled with numerical models, outlines the reliability, precision, and meaning of time dependent temperature measurements using optical emission at XFEL sources. Dynamic temperatures above 1500 K are measured continuously from spectrally- and temporally-resolved thermal emission at 450–850 nm, with time resolution down to 10–100 ns for 1–200 μs streak camera windows, using single shot and integrated modes. Targets include zero-pressure foils free-standing in air and in vacuo, and high-pressure samples compressed in diamond anvil cell multi-layer targets. Radiation sources used are 20-fs hard x-ray laser pulses at 17.8 keV, in single pulses or 2.26 MHz pulse trains of up to 30 pulses, and 250-ns infrared laser single pulses. A range of further possibilities for optical measurements of visible light in x-ray laser experiments using streak optical spectroscopy are also explored, including for the study of x-ray induced optical fluorescence, which often appears as background in thermal radiation measurements. We establish several scenarios where combined emissions from multiple sources are observed and discuss their interpretation. Challenges posed by using x-ray lasers as non-invasive probes of the sample state are addressed.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Contributing Organization:: European XFEL

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001; AC02-76SF00515; AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 1998190

Report Number(s):: LLNL--JRNL-859144

Journal Information:: Journal of Applied Physics, Journal Name: Journal of Applied Physics Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 134; ISSN 0021-8979

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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