DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Roadmap on electronic structure codes in the exascale era

Journal Article · · Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [4]; ORCiD logo [5]; ORCiD logo [6]; ORCiD logo [7];  [8]; ORCiD logo [9]; ORCiD logo [6]; ORCiD logo [5]; ORCiD logo [10]; ORCiD logo [11]; ORCiD logo [12];  [13]; ORCiD logo [13]; ORCiD logo [10]; ORCiD logo [14]; ORCiD logo [15]; ORCiD logo [16] more »; ORCiD logo [17]; ORCiD logo [18]; ORCiD logo [6];  [19]; ORCiD logo [20];  [19];  [21]; ORCiD logo [18];  [22]; ORCiD logo [23]; ORCiD logo [24]; ORCiD logo [18]; ORCiD logo [5]; ORCiD logo [25]; ORCiD logo [26];  [27];  [28]; ORCiD logo [23];  [26]; ORCiD logo [29]; ORCiD logo [30] « less
  1. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena (Italy)
  2. Scuola Internazionale Superopre Di Studi Avanzati- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA-ISAS), Trieste (Italy); Institute of materials- Italian National Research Council (IOM-CNR), Trieste (Italy)
  3. Duke University, Durham, NC (United States)
  4. London Centre for Nanotechnology, (United Kingdom); National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki (Japan)
  5. Humboldt University of Berlin (Germany)
  6. University of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)
  7. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
  8. RIKEN Center for Computational Science, Kobe (Japan)
  9. Scuola Internazionale Superopre Di Studi Avanzati- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA-ISAS), Trieste (Italy)
  10. University of Chicago, IL (United States); Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Materials Science Division
  11. Univ. of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble (France)
  12. Institute of materials- Italian National Research Council (IOM-CNR), Trieste (Italy); University of Udine (Italy)
  13. Universite Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium)
  14. University of California, Davis, CA (United States)
  15. University of Latvia, Riga (Latvia)
  16. The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (United States)
  17. Molecular Simulations from First Principles e.V. (MS1P), Berlin (Germany)
  18. Paderborn University (Germany)
  19. National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki (Japan)
  20. Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru (India)
  21. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  22. University of Bristol (United Kingdom)
  23. Ames Laboratory, and Iowa State University, Ames, IA (United States)
  24. Humboldt University of Berlin (Germany); Max-Planck-Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg (Germany)
  25. CP2K Foundation, Zurich (Switzerland)
  26. Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States)
  27. CEA DAM-DIF, Arpajon (France)
  28. University of Bordeaux (France)
  29. Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Materials Science Division
  30. Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States). Theoretical Division; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena (Italy)

Electronic structure calculations have been instrumental in providing many important insights into a range of physical and chemical properties of various molecular and solid-state systems. Their importance to various fields, including materials science, chemical sciences, computational chemistry and device physics, is underscored by the large fraction of available public supercomputing resources devoted to these calculations. As we enter the exascale era, exciting new opportunities to increase simulation numbers, sizes, and accuracies present themselves. In order to realize these promises, the community of electronic structure software developers will however first have to tackle a number of challenges pertaining to the efficient use of new architectures that will rely heavily on massive parallelism and hardware accelerators. This roadmap provides a broad overview of the state-of-the-art in electronic structure calculations and of the various new directions being pursued by the community. It covers 14 electronic structure codes, presenting their current status, their development priorities over the next five years, and their plans towards tackling the challenges and leveraging the opportunities presented by the advent of exascale computing.

Research Organization:
Ames Laboratory (AMES), Ames, IA (United States); Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); Republic of Latvia; USDOD; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division (MSE)
Grant/Contract Number:
89233218CNA000001; AC02-06CH11357; AC02-07CH11358; AC52-07NA27344; SC0019410
OSTI ID:
1994518
Report Number(s):
IS-J--11,133; LA-UR--22-28879; LLNL--JRNL-835331
Journal Information:
Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, Journal Name: Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 31; ISSN 0965-0393
Publisher:
IOP PublishingCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (148)

Polar Morphologies from First Principles: PbTiO 3 Films on SrTiO 3 Substrates and the p(2×Λ) Surface Reconstruction journal September 2020
Interfacing Q-Chem and CHARMM to perform QM/MM reaction path calculations: Interfacing Q-Chem and CHARMM to Perform QM/MM Reaction Path Calculations journal March 2007
PARSEC – the pseudopotential algorithm for real-space electronic structure calculations: recent advances and novel applications to nano-structures journal April 2006
Q-Chem: an engine for innovation: Q-Chem: an engine for innovation journal November 2012
Density functional theory calculations of large systems: Interplay between fragments, observables, and computational complexity journal October 2021
Efficient Monomer-Based Quantum Chemistry Methods for Molecular and Ionic Clusters book January 2013
The GW space-time method for the self-energy of large systems journal March 1999
Molecular integrals Over Gaussian Basis Functions book January 1994
Large-scale ab initio calculations based on three levels of parallelization journal April 2008
Ab initio molecular simulations with numeric atom-centered orbitals journal November 2009
A spectrum slicing method for the Kohn–Sham problem journal March 2012
i-PI: A Python interface for ab initio path integral molecular dynamics simulations journal March 2014
Parallel eigensolvers in plane-wave Density Functional Theory journal February 2015
EPW: Electron–phonon coupling, transport and superconducting properties using maximally localized Wannier functions journal December 2016
SPARC: Accurate and efficient finite-difference formulation and parallel implementation of Density Functional Theory: Extended systems journal July 2017
Massively parallel sparse matrix function calculations with NTPoly journal April 2018
i-PI 2.0: A universal force engine for advanced molecular simulations journal March 2019
DFT-FE – A massively parallel adaptive finite-element code for large-scale density functional theory calculations journal January 2020
The Abinitproject: Impact, environment and recent developments journal March 2020
GPU acceleration of all-electron electronic structure theory using localized numeric atom-centered basis functions journal September 2020
Scalable implementation of polynomial filtering for density functional theory calculation in PARSEC journal September 2020
ELSI — An open infrastructure for electronic structure solvers journal November 2020
GPU-acceleration of the ELPA2 distributed eigensolver for dense symmetric and hermitian eigenproblems journal May 2021
LAMMPS - a flexible simulation tool for particle-based materials modeling at the atomic, meso, and continuum scales journal February 2022
DFT-FE 1.0: A massively parallel hybrid CPU-GPU density functional theory code using finite-element discretization journal November 2022
turboMagnon – A code for the simulation of spin-wave spectra using the Liouville-Lanczos approach to time-dependent density-functional perturbation theory journal November 2022
Soft and transferable pseudopotentials from multi-objective optimization journal February 2023
On spectral quadrature for linear-scaling Density Functional Theory journal October 2013
Self-consistent-field calculations using Chebyshev-filtered subspace iteration journal November 2006
Higher-order adaptive finite-element methods for Kohn–Sham density functional theory journal November 2013
Towards electronic structure-based ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations with hundreds of millions of atoms journal July 2022
M-SPARC: Matlab-Simulation Package for Ab-initio Real-space Calculations journal January 2020
SPARC: Simulation Package for Ab-initio Real-space Calculations journal July 2021
From NWChem to NWChemEx: Evolving with the Computational Chemistry Landscape journal March 2021
Space-Filling Curves for Real-Space Electronic Structure Calculations journal June 2021
Natural Charge-Transfer Analysis: Eliminating Spurious Charge-Transfer States in Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory via Diabatization, with Application to Projection-Based Embedding journal June 2021
Transition-Based Constrained DFT for the Robust and Reliable Treatment of Excitations in Supramolecular Systems journal April 2022
Subsystem Density Functional Theory Augmented by a Delta Learning Approach to Achieve Kohn–Sham Accuracy journal September 2021
Combined First-Principles Calculations of Electron–Electron and Electron–Phonon Self-Energies in Condensed Systems journal December 2021
Faster Self-Consistent Field (SCF) Calculations on GPU Clusters journal November 2021
Excited-State Properties for Extended Systems: Efficient Hybrid Density Functional Methods journal June 2022
INAQS, a Generic Interface for Nonadiabatic QM/MM Dynamics: Design, Implementation, and Validation for GROMACS/Q-CHEM simulations journal July 2022
Green’s Function Formulation of Quantum Defect Embedding Theory journal June 2022
GPU Acceleration of Large-Scale Full-Frequency GW Calculations journal August 2022
Faster Exact Exchange for Solids via occ-RI-K: Application to Combinatorially Optimized Range-Separated Hybrid Functionals for Simple Solids with Pseudopotentials Near the Basis Set Limit journal December 2022
Large Scale Quantum Chemistry with Tensor Processing Units journal December 2022
Toward Fast and Accurate Evaluation of Charge On-Site Energies and Transfer Integrals in Supramolecular Architectures Using Linear Constrained Density Functional Theory (CDFT)-Based Methods journal April 2015
Pair–Pair Approximation to the Generalized Many-Body Expansion: An Alternative to the Four-Body Expansion for ab Initio Prediction of Protein Energetics via Molecular Fragmentation journal January 2016
Efficient Computation of Sparse Matrix Functions for Large-Scale Electronic Structure Calculations: The CheSS Library journal September 2017
GW100: Comparison of Methods and Accuracy of Results Obtained with the WEST Code journal February 2018
Hierarchical Coupling of First-Principles Molecular Dynamics with Advanced Sampling Methods journal April 2018
Calculation of Quantum Chemical Two-Electron Integrals by Applying Compiler Technology on GPU journal September 2019
Automated Fitting of Neural Network Potentials at Coupled Cluster Accuracy: Protonated Water Clusters as Testing Ground journal November 2019
Energy-Screened Many-Body Expansion: A Practical Yet Accurate Fragmentation Method for Quantum Chemistry journal November 2019
Complexity Reduction in Density Functional Theory Calculations of Large Systems: System Partitioning and Fragment Embedding journal March 2020
Free-Energy Landscape and Isomerization Rates of Au4 Clusters at Finite Temperatures journal May 2022
Neural Network Sampling of the Free Energy Landscape for Nitrogen Dissociation on Ruthenium journal March 2021
Fragment-Based Calculations of Enzymatic Thermochemistry Require Dielectric Boundary Conditions journal April 2023
Toward GW Calculations on Thousands of Atoms journal January 2018
Auxiliary Density Matrix Methods for Hartree−Fock Exchange Calculations journal July 2010
Stable and Efficient Linear Scaling First-Principles Molecular Dynamics for 10000+ Atoms journal November 2014
Large Scale GW Calculations journal May 2015
Achieving the CCSD(T) Basis-Set Limit in Sizable Molecular Clusters: Counterpoise Corrections for the Many-Body Expansion journal July 2013
Exact exchange-correlation potentials from ground-state electron densities journal October 2019
Code interoperability extends the scope of quantum simulations journal February 2021
The NOMAD Artificial-Intelligence Toolkit: turning materials-science data into knowledge and understanding journal December 2022
FAIR data enabling new horizons for materials research journal April 2022
High-throughput density-functional perturbation theory phonons for inorganic materials journal May 2018
Qresp, a tool for curating, discovering and exploring reproducible scientific papers journal January 2019
Optimized multi-site local orbitals in the large-scale DFT program CONQUEST journal January 2015
High order forces and nonlocal operators in a Kohn–Sham Hamiltonian journal January 2015
Real-space numerical grid methods in quantum chemistry journal January 2015
Efficient and low-scaling linear-response time-dependent density functional theory implementation for core-level spectroscopy of large and periodic systems journal January 2021
Machine learning dielectric screening for the simulation of excited state properties of molecules and materials journal January 2021
Discovery of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro peptide inhibitors from modelling substrate and ligand binding journal January 2021
Inner-shell spectroscopy by the Gaussian and augmented plane wave method journal January 2007
Revised self-consistent continuum solvation in electronic-structure calculations journal February 2012
An efficient and near linear scaling pair natural orbital based local coupled cluster method journal January 2013
Fragment approach to constrained density functional theory calculations using Daubechies wavelets journal June 2015
Understanding the many-body expansion for large systems. II. Accuracy considerations journal April 2016
Geometry optimization made simple with translation and rotation coordinates journal June 2016
SSAGES: Software Suite for Advanced General Ensemble Simulations journal January 2018
Discrete discontinuous basis projection method for large-scale electronic structure calculations journal September 2018
Analytic gradient for the QM/MM-Ewald method using charges derived from the electrostatic potential: Theory, implementation, and application to ab initio molecular dynamics simulation of the aqueous electron journal April 2019
Fantasy versus reality in fragment-based quantum chemistry journal November 2019
ABINIT: Overview and focus on selected capabilities journal March 2020
Flexibilities of wavelets as a computational basis set for large-scale electronic structure calculations journal May 2020
NWChem: Past, present, and future journal May 2020
Large scale and linear scaling DFT with the CONQUEST code journal April 2020
Q uantum ESPRESSO toward the exascale journal April 2020
Recent developments in the general atomic and molecular electronic structure system journal April 2020
CP2K: An electronic structure and molecular dynamics software package - Quickstep: Efficient and accurate electronic structure calculations journal May 2020
The CECAM electronic structure library and the modular software development paradigm journal July 2020
Software for the frontiers of quantum chemistry: An overview of developments in the Q-Chem 5 package journal August 2021
Approaching the basis set limit in Gaussian-orbital-based periodic calculations with transferability: Performance of pure density functionals for simple semiconductors journal October 2021
Double-hybrid density functionals for the condensed phase: Gradients, stress tensor, and auxiliary-density matrix method acceleration journal February 2022
TAMM: Tensor algebra for many-body methods journal July 2023
GPU acceleration of local and semilocal density functional calculations in the SPARC electronic structure code journal May 2023
Protein–ligand interactions from a quantum fragmentation perspective: The case of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease interacting with α-ketoamide inhibitors journal June 2023
\mathcal{O}(N) methods in electronic structure calculations journal February 2012
QUANTUM ESPRESSO: a modular and open-source software project for quantum simulations of materials journal September 2009
The ELPA library: scalable parallel eigenvalue solutions for electronic structure theory and computational science journal May 2014
exciting: a full-potential all-electron package implementing density-functional theory and many-body perturbation theory journal August 2014
The atomic simulation environment—a Python library for working with atoms journal June 2017
Advanced capabilities for materials modelling with Quantum ESPRESSO journal October 2017
Pseudo-fragment approach for extended systems derived from linear-scaling DFT journal April 2019
Fast hybrid density-functional computations using plane-wave basis sets journal February 2019
All-electron full-potential implementation of real-time TDDFT in exciting journal July 2021
Ehrenfest dynamics implemented in the all-electron package exciting journal July 2022
Simulating the Electronic Structure of Spin Defects on Quantum Computers journal March 2022
On-the-fly machine learning force field generation: Application to melting points journal July 2019
Real time time-dependent density functional theory using higher order finite-element methods journal September 2019
First-principles study of topologically protected vortices and ferroelectric domain walls in hexagonal YGaO 3 journal October 2020
Real-space density functional theory adapted to cyclic and helical symmetry: Application to torsional deformation of carbon nanotubes journal January 2021
Basis functions for linear-scaling first-principles calculations journal May 1997
Accurate all-electron G 0 W 0 quasiparticle energies employing the full-potential augmented plane-wave method journal July 2016
Large-scale all-electron density functional theory calculations using an enriched finite-element basis journal January 2017
Addressing electron-hole correlation in core excitations of solids: An all-electron many-body approach from first principles journal April 2017
Hybrid solvation models for bulk, interface, and membrane: Reference interaction site methods coupled with density functional theory journal September 2017
Automation methodologies and large-scale validation for G W : Towards high-throughput G W calculations journal October 2017
Microhartree precision in density functional theory calculations journal April 2018
Equation of state of boron nitride combining computation, modeling, and experiment journal April 2019
Compact Representations of Kohn-Sham Invariant Subspaces journal April 2009
Finite-Field Approach to Solving the Bethe-Salpeter Equation journal June 2019
Electron-Phonon beyond Fröhlich: Dynamical Quadrupoles in Polar and Covalent Solids journal September 2020
Origin of Ferroelectric Domain Wall Alignment with Surface Trenches in Ultrathin Films journal December 2021
Unified Approach for Molecular Dynamics and Density-Functional Theory journal November 1985
Finite-difference-pseudopotential method: Electronic structure calculations without a basis journal February 1994
Efficient and Accurate Car-Parrinello-like Approach to Born-Oppenheimer Molecular Dynamics journal February 2007
Searching for materials with high refractive index and wide band gap: A first-principles high-throughput study journal April 2019
Transversal flexoelectric coefficient for nanostructures at finite deformations from first principles journal March 2021
Hybrid excitations at the interface between a MoS2 monolayer and organic molecules: A first-principles study journal May 2022
Parallel quantum chemistry on noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers journal August 2022
Phonons and related crystal properties from density-functional perturbation theory journal July 2001
VeriTracer: Context-enriched tracer for floating-point arithmetic analysis conference June 2018
Computing and Compressing Electron Repulsion Integrals on FPGAs conference May 2023
Developing a Computational Chemistry Framework for the Exascale Era journal March 2019
Reproducibility in density functional theory calculations of solids journal March 2016
Numerical Methods for Electronic Structure Calculations of Materials journal January 2010
Scalable task-based algorithm for multiplication of block-rank-sparse matrices
  • Calvin, Justus A.; Lewis, Cannada A.; Valeev, Edward F.
  • SC15: The International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis, Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Irregular Applications: Architectures and Algorithms https://doi.org/10.1145/2833179.2833186
conference November 2015
Architecture of Qbox: A scalable first-principles molecular dynamics code journal January 2008
Breaking the exascale barrier for the electronic structure problem in ab-initio molecular dynamics journal May 2023
FHI-vibes: Ab Initio Vibrational Simulations journal December 2020
GIMS: Graphical Interface for Materials Simulations journal January 2021
excitingtools: An exciting Workflow Tool journal May 2023
Fast optical absorption spectra calculations for periodic solid state systems journal January 2020
High-throughput Density-Functional Perturbation Theory phonons for inorganic materials [Supplemental Data] collection April 2018
Highly accurate local basis sets for large-scale DFT calculations in conquest journal October 2019

Similar Records

Simulations in the era of exascale computing
Journal Article · 2023 · Nature Reviews. Materials · OSTI ID:1995514

Preparing MPICH for exascale
Journal Article · 2025 · International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications · OSTI ID:2506860

Developing a Computational Chemistry Framework for the Exascale Era
Journal Article · 2018 · Computing in Science and Engineering · OSTI ID:1487205