Search Menu
DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Search Scholarly Publications

Title: High-Resolution X-ray Spectromicroscopy Reveals Process-Structure Correlations in sub-5-μm Diameter Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Composite Dry-Spun Yarns

Journal Article · · ACS Nano
 [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [2]; ORCiD logo [1]
  1. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  2. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations

A persistent lack of detailed and quantitative structural analysis of these hierarchical carbon nanotube (CNT) ensembles precludes establishing processing-structure-property relationships that are essential to enhance macroscale performance (e.g., in mechanical, electrical, thermal applications). Here, in this work, we use scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) to analyze the hierarchical, twisted morphology of dry-spun CNT yarns and their composites, quantifying key structural characteristics such as density, porosity, alignment, and polymer loading. As the yarn twist density increases (15,000 to 150,000 turns per meter), the yarn diameter decreased (4.4–1.4 μm) and density increased (0.55–1.26 g·cm–3), as intuitively expected. Yarn density, ρ, ubiquitously scaled with diameter d according to ρ ~ d–2 for all parameters studied here. Spectromicroscopy probes with 30 nm resolution and elemental specificity were employed to analyze the radial and longitudinal distribution of the oxygen-containing polymer content (~30% weight fraction), demonstrating nearly perfect filling of the voids between CNTs with a vapor-phase polymer coating and cross-linking process. These quantitative correlations highlight the intimate connections between processing conditions and yarn structure with important implications for translating the nanoscale properties of CNTs to the macroscale.

Research Organization:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC52-07NA27344; 20-ERD-023; AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
1993135
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-844904; 1067997
Journal Information:
ACS Nano, Vol. 17, Issue 11; ISSN 1936-0851
Publisher:
American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (36)

Catalytic Twist-Spun Yarns of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes journal December 2011
Strong Carbon Nanotube Fibers by Drawing Inspiration from Polymer Fiber Spinning journal June 2015
Continuous Multilayered Carbon Nanotube Yarns journal February 2010
Wafer Scale Solventless Adhesive Bonding with iCVD Polyglycidylmethacrylate: Effects of Bonding Parameters on Adhesion Energies journal April 2015
Carbon aerogel evolution: Allotrope, graphene-inspired, and 3D-printed aerogels journal October 2017
Modeling the mechanical properties of ultra-thin polymer films journal January 2017
Crystal Structure Analysis of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Forests by Newly Developed Cross-Sectional X-ray Diffraction Measurement journal September 2010
Population Growth Dynamics of Carbon Nanotubes journal October 2011
Strong, Light, Multifunctional Fibers of Carbon Nanotubes with Ultrahigh Conductivity journal January 2013
A new bend-magnet beamline for scanning transmission X-ray microscopy at the Advanced Light Source journal June 2002
Soft x-ray scattering facility at the Advanced Light Source with real-time data processing and analysis journal April 2012
Liquid-free covalent reinforcement of carbon nanotube dry-spun yarns and free-standing sheets journal February 2022
Direct Spinning of Carbon Nanotube Fibers from Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis journal April 2004
Pretreatment Control of Carbon Nanotube Array Growth for Gas Separation: Alignment and Growth Studied Using Microscopy and Small-Angle X-ray Scattering journal April 2013
Orientation Distribution of Vertically Aligned Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes journal April 2014
High-Speed in Situ X-ray Scattering of Carbon Nanotube Film Nucleation and Self-Organization journal May 2012
Poisson’s ratio and porosity of carbon nanotube dry-spun yarns journal August 2010
Shape-engineerable and highly densely packed single-walled carbon nanotubes and their application as super-capacitor electrodes journal November 2006
Mechanical deformation of carbon-nanotube-based aerogels journal November 2012
In situ time resolved wide angle X-ray diffraction study of nanotube carpet growth: Nature of catalyst particles and progressive nanotube alignment journal June 2015
Understanding the Mechanical and Conductive Properties of Carbon Nanotube Fibers for Smart Electronics journal June 2019
Purification and Dissolution of Carbon Nanotube Fibers Spun from the Floating Catalyst Method journal October 2017
Multifunctional Carbon Nanotube Yarns by Downsizing an Ancient Technology journal November 2004
A comparison of the twisted and untwisted structures for one-dimensional carbon nanotube assemblies journal May 2018
X-ray diffraction characterization on the alignment degree of carbon nanotubes journal August 2001
Super-Compressibility of Ultralow-Density Nanoporous Silica journal January 2012
High performance carbon nanotube spun yarns from a crosslinked network journal February 2013
Macroscopic Fibers and Ribbons of Oriented Carbon Nanotubes journal November 2000
High-yield growth kinetics and spatial mapping of single-walled carbon nanotube forests at wafer scale journal April 2020
Potential of Hexyl Acrylate Monomer as an Initiator in Photo-initiated CVD: Potential of Hexyl Acrylate Monomer as an Initiator journal November 2013
Knitted Carbon-Nanotube-Sheath/Spandex-Core Elastomeric Yarns for Artificial Muscles and Strain Sensing journal September 2016
The Evolution of Carbon Nanotube Network Structure in Unidirectional Nanocomposites Resolved by Quantitative Electron Tomography journal May 2015
Large variation in Young's modulus of carbon nanotube yarns with different diameters journal January 2021
Quantitative Characterization of Vertically Aligned Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Arrays Using Small Angle X-Ray Scattering journal June 2011
Multifunctional fabrics of carbon nanotube fibers journal January 2019
Quantifying the Hierarchical Order in Self-Aligned Carbon Nanotubes from Atomic to Micrometer Scale journal April 2017

Figures / Tables (16)

Figure 1(p. 19)figure Figure 1
Figure 2(p. 20)figure Figure 2
Figure 3(p. 21)figure Figure 3
Figure 4(p. 22)figure Figure 4
Figure 5(p. 24)figure Figure 5
Figure 6(p. 25)figure Figure 6
Table S1(p. 35)table Table S1
Figure S1(p. 36)figure Figure S1
Figure S2(p. 36)figure Figure S2
Figure S3(p. 37)figure Figure S3
Figure S4(p. 39)figure Figure S4
Figure S5(p. 40)figure Figure S5
Figure S6(p. 41)figure Figure S6
Figure S7(p. 42)figure Figure S7
Figure S8(p. 43)figure Figure S8
Figure S9(p. 44)figure Figure S9

Similar Records

Related Subjects

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Materials science
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
Carbon nanotubes
Composites
Materials
Polymers
X-rays
Carbon nanotube yarns
CNT
X-ray microscopy
spectromicroscopy
synchrotron
STXM
CNT-polymer composite