Design and Application of Materials for Sequestration and Immobilization of 99Tc

Singh, Bhupendra Kumar; Mahzan, Nurul Syiffa; Abdul Rashid, Nur Shahidah; Isa, Samiratu Atibun; Hafeez, Muhammad Aamir; Saslow, Sarah A.; Wang, Guohui; Mo, Changki; Um, Wooyong

doi:10.1021/acs.est.3c00129

Title: Design and Application of Materials for Sequestration and Immobilization of ⁹⁹Tc

Journal Article · 18 April 2023 · Environmental Science and Technology

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c00129 · OSTI ID:1989308

^[1]; Mahzan, Nurul Syiffa ^[1]; Abdul Rashid, Nur Shahidah ^[1]; Isa, Samiratu Atibun ^[1];

^[1];

^[2];

^[2]; Mo, Changki ^[3];

^[1]

Pohang Univ. of Science and Technology (POSTECH) (Korea, Republic of)
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Washington State University Tri-Cities, Richland, WA (United States)

⁹⁹Technetium (⁹⁹Tc) is a hazardous radionuclide generated by the nuclear industry that poses a serious environmental threat. The wide variation and complex chemistries of nuclear waste streams containing ⁹⁹Tc often create unique, site specific challenges when sequestering and immobilizing the waste in a matrix suitable for long-term storage and disposal. Therefore, an effective management plan for ⁹⁹Tc containing radioactive waste will likely require a variety of suitable materials/matrices capable of adapting to and addressing these challenges. In this review, we discuss and highlight the key developments for effective removal and immobilization of ⁹⁹Tc in inorganic waste forms. Specifically, we review the synthesis, characterization, and application of materials for targeted removal of ⁹⁹Tc from (simulated) waste solutions under various experimental conditions. These materials include: i) layered double hydroxides (LDHs), ii) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), iii) ion-exchange resins (IERs) as well as cationic organic polymers (COPs), and iv) surface modified natural clay materials (SMCMs). Secondly, we discuss some of the major and recent developments towards ⁹⁹Tc immobilization in i) glass, ii) cement, and iii) iron mineral waste forms. Finally, we present future challenges that need to be addressed for the design, synthesis, and selection of suitable matrices for the efficient sequestration and immobilization of ⁹⁹Tc from targeted wastes. Finally, the purpose of this review is to inspire the researches on the design and application of various suitable materials/matrices for selective removal of ⁹⁹Tc present globally in different radioactive wastes and its immobilization in stable/durable waste forms.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; Korea Spent Nuclear Fuel (iKSNF); National Research Foundation, Korea (NRF); Ministry of Science and ICT, MSIT, Korea

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830; 2021M2E1A1085202

OSTI ID:: 1989308

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-175772

Journal Information:: Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 57, Issue 17; ISSN 0013-936X

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Design and Application of Materials for Sequestration and Immobilization of 99Tc

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Title: Design and Application of Materials for Sequestration and Immobilization of ⁹⁹Tc