Radiative Forcing From the 2014–2022 Volcanic and Wildfire Injections
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- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research Jinan University Guangzhou China
- Chemical Science Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Boulder CO USA
- College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
- School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
- Chemical Science Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Boulder CO USA, Laboratory of Atmospheric and Space Sciences University of Colorado, Boulder Boulder CO USA
- Chemical Science Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Boulder CO USA, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado, Boulder Boulder CO USA, Now at Global Monitoring Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Boulder CO USA
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China, College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou China, Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China, College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations &, Modeling Lab National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA
- German Aerospace Center (DLR) Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IPA) Weßling Germany, Meteorological Institute Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Munich Germany, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Laboratory of Atmospheric and Space Sciences University of Colorado, Boulder Boulder CO USA, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Colorado, Boulder Boulder CO USA
Abstract Volcanic and wildfire events between 2014 and 2022 injected ∼3.2 Tg of sulfur dioxide and 0.8 Tg of smoke aerosols into the stratosphere. With injections at higher altitudes and lower latitudes, the simulated stratospheric lifetime of the 2014–2022 injections is about 50% longer than the volcanic 2005–2013 injections. The simulated global mean effective radiative forcing (ERF) of 2014–2022 is −0.18 W m −2 , ∼40% of the ERF of the period of 1991–1999 with a large‐magnitude volcanic eruption (Pinatubo). Our climate model suggests that the stratospheric smoke aerosols generate ∼60% more negative ERF than volcanic sulfate per unit aerosol optical depth. Studies that fail to account for the different radiative properties of wildfire smoke relative to volcanic sulfate will likely underestimate the negative stratospheric forcings. Our analysis suggests that stratospheric injections offset 20% of the increase in global mean surface temperature between 2014–2022 and 1999–2002.
- Research Organization:
- US Department of Energy (USDOE), Washington, DC (United States). Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
- OSTI ID:
- 1988333
- Journal Information:
- Geophysical Research Letters, Journal Name: Geophysical Research Letters Journal Issue: 13 Vol. 50; ISSN 0094-8276
- Publisher:
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)Copyright Statement
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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