Immediate effects of acute Mars mission equivalent doses of SEP and GCR radiation on the murine gastrointestinal system-protective effects of curcumin-loaded nanolipoprotein particles (cNLPs)

Diaz, Jonathan; Kuhlman, Bradford M.; Edenhoffer, Nicholas P.; Evans, Angela C.; Martin, Kelly A.; Guida, Peter; Rusek, Adam; Atala, Anthony; Coleman, Matthew A.; Wilson, Paul F.; Almeida-Porada, Graça; Porada, Christopher D.

doi:10.3389/fspas.2023.1117811

Title: Immediate effects of acute Mars mission equivalent doses of SEP and GCR radiation on the murine gastrointestinal system-protective effects of curcumin-loaded nanolipoprotein particles (cNLPs)

Journal Article · 05 May 2023 · Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2023.1117811 · OSTI ID:1985904

Diaz, Jonathan ^[1]; Kuhlman, Bradford M. ^[1]; Edenhoffer, Nicholas P. ^[1]; Evans, Angela C. ^[2]; Martin, Kelly A. ^[3]; Guida, Peter ^[4]; Rusek, Adam ^[4]; Atala, Anthony ^[1]; Coleman, Matthew A. ^[2];

^[5]; Almeida-Porada, Graça ^[1]; Porada, Christopher D. ^[1]

Wake Forest Univ., Winston-Salem, NC (United States). Institute for Regenerative Medicine
Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). NASA Space Radiation Lab.
Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Introduction: Missions beyond low Earth orbit (LEO) will expose astronauts to ionizing radiation (IR) in the form of solar energetic particles (SEP) and galactic cosmic rays (GCR) including high atomic number and energy (HZE) nuclei. The gastrointestinal (GI) system is documented to be highly radiosensitive with even relatively low dose IR exposures capable of inducing mucosal lesions and disrupting epithelial barrier function. IR is also an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) with several studies examining long-term GI effects of SEP/GCR exposure using tumor-prone APC mouse models. Studies of acute short-term effects of modeled space radiation exposures in wildtype mouse models are more limited and necessary to better define charged particle- induced GI pathologies and test novel medical countermeasures (MCMs) to promote astronaut safety. Methods: In this study, we performed ground-based studies where male and female C57BL/6J mice were exposed to γ-rays, 50 MeV protons, or 1 GeV/n Fe-56 ions at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) with histology and immunohistochemistry endpoints measured in the first 24 h post-irradiation to define immediate SEP/GCR-induced GI alterations. Results: Our data show that unlike matched γ-ray controls, acute exposures to protons and iron ions disrupts intestinal function and induces mucosal lesions, vascular congestion, epithelial barrier breakdown, and marked enlargement of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. We also measured kinetics of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair using gamma-H2AX- specific antibodies and apoptosis via TUNEL labeling, noting the induction and disappearance of extranuclear cytoplasmic DNA marked by gamma-H2AX only in the charged particle-irradiated samples. We show that 18 h pre-treatment with curcumin-loaded nanolipoprotein particles (cNLPs) delivered via IV injection reduces DSB-associated foci levels and apoptosis and restore crypt villi lengths. Discussion: These data improve our understanding of physiological alterations in the GI tract immediately following exposures to modeled space radiations and demonstrates effectiveness of a promising space radiation MCM.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830; AC52-07NA27344; NNX16AO69A; SC0012704

OSTI ID:: 1985904

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1989622

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-180506; BNL-224550-2023-JAAM

Journal Information:: Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, Vol. 10; ISSN 2296-987X

Publisher:: Frontiers Research FoundationCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Immediate effects of acute Mars mission equivalent doses of SEP and GCR radiation on the murine gastrointestinal system-protective effects of curcumin-loaded nanolipoprotein particles (cNLPs)

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