[C ιι] Map of the Molecular Ring and Arms of the Spiral Galaxy NGC 7331*

Sutter, Jessica; Fadda, Dario

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac4252

Title: [C ιι] Map of the Molecular Ring and Arms of the Spiral Galaxy NGC 7331*

Journal Article · 15 February 2022 · The Astrophysical Journal

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac4252 · OSTI ID:1983215

^[1];

^[1]

NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA (United States)

We present the [C ιι] 157.7 μm map of galaxy NGC 7331 obtained with the Field-Imaging Far-Infrared Line Spectrometer on board the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). This map extends an existent Herschel/Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer observation of the central strip of the galaxy to encompass the entire molecular ring and much of the disk, including multiple spiral arms with intense far-IR emission. We also present Herschel archival data of the [N ιι] 205 μm line, which covers a substantial part of the [C ιι] SOFIA observations and allows us to estimate the neutral fraction of the [C ιι] emission along the ring and disk of the galaxy. We find that the neutral fraction rises with the distance from the center. In addition, by tracing the azimuthal variation of the neutral fraction, we are able to see how our observing perspective affects this measurement. The high inclination of NGC 7331 allows us to glimpse the internal walls of the molecular ring. There, young bright stars emit UV radiation causing more [C ιι] emission to be produced in the ionized gas. On the outer walls, opaque dust shrouds the rest of the ring, making the neutral medium the dominant source of [C ιι] emission. Through spatial analysis comparing the [C ιι] emission to tracers of gas heating, we are able to investigate how the photoelectric heating efficiency varies throughout NGC 7331 and extend global measurements of the [C ιι] deficit to local environments. Since the origin of [C ιι] emission has typically been studied in face-on galaxies, our results shed a new light on the interpretation of [C ιι] emission, especially when studying distant galaxies with unknown inclination.

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Research Organization:: US Department of Energy (USDOE), Washington, DC (United States). Office of Science, Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

OSTI ID:: 1983215

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal, Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 926; ISSN 0004-637X

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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