Constraining the shape of Milky Way satellites with distance gradients

An, Zhaozhou; Koposov, Sergey E.

doi:10.1093/mnras/stac308

Title: Constraining the shape of Milky Way satellites with distance gradients

Journal Article · 04 February 2022 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac308 · OSTI ID:1982668

^[1];

^[2]

Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA (United States)
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA (United States); University of Edinburgh (United Kingdom); University of Cambridge (United Kingdom)

We combine the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey DR8 photometry with Gaia photometry to study the 3D structure of Bootes I, Draco, Ursa Minor, Sextans, and Sculptor dwarf galaxies using blue horizontal branch (BHB) stars as distance indicators. We construct a new colour–absolute magnitude of BHB stars that we use to measure the distance gradients within the body of the dwarf galaxies. We detect a statistically significant non-zero gradient only in Sextans and Sculptor. Through modelling of the gradient and 2D density of the systems by triaxial Plummer models, we find that the distance gradients in both dwarf galaxies are inconsistent with prolate shape, but compatible with oblate or triaxial shapes. In order to explain the observed gradients, oblate models of Sextans and Sculptor need to have a significant intrinsic ellipticity larger than 0.47 for Sextans and 0.46 for Sculptor. Furthermore, the flattened oblate shape may imply a significant anisotropy in velocity distribution in order to be consistent with the lack of significant velocity gradients in these systems.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1982668

Journal Information:: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Journal Name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 511; ISSN 0035-8711

Publisher:: Oxford University PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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The Faintest Dwarf Galaxies Simon, Joshua D. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 57, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-091918-104453	journal	August 2019
Dwarf Galaxies of the Local Group Mateo, Mario Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 36, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.36.1.435	journal	September 1998
Bayesian Data Analysis Gelman, Andrew; Carlin, John B.; Stern, Hal S. https://doi.org/10.1201/b16018	book	November 2013
The Evolution of Dwarf Galaxy Satellites with Different dark Matter Density Profiles in the Erismod Simulations. i. the Early Infalls Tomozeiu, Mihai; Mayer, Lucio; Quinn, Thomas The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 818, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/818/2/193	journal	February 2016
A new Milky way Satellite Discovered in the Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey Homma, Daisuke; Chiba, Masashi; Okamoto, Sakurako The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 832, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/832/1/21	journal	November 2016
The Population of Pulsating Variable Stars in the Sextans Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy Vivas, A. Katherina; Alonso-García, Javier; Mateo, Mario The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 157, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aaf4f3	journal	January 2019
Overview of the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys Dey, Arjun; Schlegel, David J.; Lang, Dustin The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 157, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab089d	journal	April 2019
Determination of Dark Matter Halo Mass from Dynamics of Satellite Galaxies Li, Zhao-Zhou; Jing, Y. P.; Qian, Yong-Zhong The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 850, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa94c0	journal	November 2017
A MegaCam Survey of Outer Halo Satellites. III. Photometric and Structural Parameters Muñoz, Ricardo R.; Côté, Patrick; Santana, Felipe A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 860, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aac16b	journal	June 2018
Stellar Density Profiles of Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies Moskowitz, A. G.; Walker, M. G. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 892, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab7459	journal	March 2020
Testing ΛCDM with Dwarf Galaxy Morphology Xu, Weishuang Linda; Randall, Lisa The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 900, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aba51f	journal	September 2020
The Dark Energy Survey: Data Release 1 Abbott, T. M. C.; Abdalla, F. B.; Allam, S. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 239, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aae9f0	journal	November 2018
A Possible Relic Star Cluster in the Sextans Dwarf Galaxy Kim, Hak-Sub; Han, Sang-Il; Joo, Seok-Joo The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 870, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aaf885	journal	January 2019

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