Close substellar-mass companions in stellar wide binaries: discovery and characterization with APOGEE and Gaia DR2

Lewis, Hannah M.; Anguiano, Borja; Majewski, Steven R.; Nidever, David L.; Badenes, Carles; De Lee, Nathan; Hasselquist, Sten; Mazzola Daher, Christine; Stassun, Keivan G.; Bizyaev, Dmitry; Godoy-Rivera, Diego; Nitschelm, Christian; Oravetz, Audrey; Pan, Kaike; Roman-Lopes, Alexandre

doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2349

Title: Close substellar-mass companions in stellar wide binaries: discovery and characterization with APOGEE and Gaia DR2

Journal Article · Mon Aug 16 00:00:00 UTC 2021 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2349 · OSTI ID:1982526

^[1];

^[1]; Majewski, Steven R. ^[1]; Nidever, David L. ^[2]; Badenes, Carles ^[3]; De Lee, Nathan ^[4]; Hasselquist, Sten ^[5];

^[3];

^[6];

^[7]; Godoy-Rivera, Diego ^[8]; Nitschelm, Christian ^[9]; Oravetz, Audrey ^[10]; Pan, Kaike ^[10]; Roman-Lopes, Alexandre ^[11]

Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (United States)
Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT (United States)
Univ. of Pittsburgh, PA (United States)
Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY (United States); Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN (United States)
Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States)
Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN (United States)
Apache Point Observatory and New Mexico State Univ., Sunspot, NM (United States); Moscow State Univ., Moscow (Russian Federation). Sternberg Astronomical Institute
The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)
Universidad de Antofagasta (Chile)
Apache Point Observatory and New Mexico State Univ., Sunspot, NM (United States)
Universidad de La Serena (Chile)

We present a search for close, unresolved companions in a subset of spatially resolved Gaia wide binaries containing main-sequence stars within 200 pc of the Sun, utilizing the APOGEE–Gaia Wide Binary Catalog. A catalogue of 37 wide binaries was created by selecting pairs of stars with nearly identical Gaia positions, parallaxes, and proper motions, and then confirming candidates to be gravitationally bound pairs using APOGEE radial velocities. We identify close, unresolved stellar and substellar candidate companions in these multiple systems using (1) the Gaia binary main sequence and (2) observed periodic radial velocity variations in APOGEE measurements due to the influence of a close substellar-mass companion. The studied wide binary pairs reveal a total of four stellar-mass close companions in four different wide binaries, and four substellar-mass close companion candidates in two wide binaries. The latter are therefore quadruple systems, with one substellar-mass companion orbiting each wide binary component in an S-type orbit. Taken at face value, these candidate systems represent an enhancement of an order of magnitude over the expected occurrence rate of ~2 percent of stars having substellar companions >2 M_Jup within ~100-d orbits; we discuss implications and possible explanations for this result. Finally, we compare chemical differences between the components of the wide binaries and the components of the candidate higher-order systems and find that any chemical influence or correlation due to the presence of close companions to wide binary stars is not discernible.

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Research Organization:: US Department of Energy (USDOE), Washington, DC (United States). Office of Science, Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC)

OSTI ID:: 1982526

Journal Information:: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Journal Name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 509; ISSN 0035-8711

Publisher:: Oxford University PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Close substellar-mass companions in stellar wide binaries: discovery and characterization with APOGEE and Gaia DR2

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