Energy based fracture initiation criterion for strain-crystallizing rubber-like materials with pre-existing cracks

Arunachala, Prajwal Kammardi; Rastak, Reza; Linder, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.jmps.2021.104617

Title: Energy based fracture initiation criterion for strain-crystallizing rubber-like materials with pre-existing cracks

Journal Article · 08 September 2021 · Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2021.104617 · OSTI ID:1977339

^[1]; Rastak, Reza ^[1];

^[1]

Stanford University, CA (United States)

Fracture prediction is indispensable for polymers, like rubbers, which have a broad range of applications mainly due to their high extensibility. The phenomenon known as strain-induced crystallization further contributes to the fracture toughness of certain rubbers. Here in this study, a criterion based on internal bond energy, incorporating the effects of crystallization, is proposed to predict fracture initiation in rubber-like materials with pre-existing cracks. First, a multi-scale mechanical model is developed for characterizing the behavior of rubber when subjected to both uniaxial and biaxial deformation states. At the microscale, both the amorphous and crystalline chain segments are modeled as elastic in order to consider the energy contribution by the molecular bond distortions. This internal energy is considered along with the entropic and crystalline free energy for each chain. In the chain model, the effects of loading condition and the relative orientation of a chain on its crystallinity are taken into account. At the macroscopic scale, an existing crystallinity distribution function is adapted and a mixed finite element formulation with an augmented Lagrangian multiplier is utilized to impose the incompressibility constraint. A non-affine maximal advance path constraint based homogenization model is utilized for bridging the two scales. Its potential to account for anisotropy in the stretched network compels the model to be preferable due to its physical significance, for the purpose of fracture modeling. The rigidity of the crystallites is accounted for by proposing a crystallite distortion energy in addition to the critical bond dissociation energy, for fracture initiation to occur. The model is validated by comparison with existing experimental results for both crystallizing and non-crystallizing rubbers. In addition to its potential to predict the material behavior when subjected to uniaxial and biaxial loading, the capability of the model to quantitatively estimate the effect of crystallization on fracture initiation is also verified.

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Research Organization:: University of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States); Stanford University, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0003962

OSTI ID:: 1977339

Journal Information:: Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, Journal Name: Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids Journal Issue: C Vol. 157; ISSN 0022-5096

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
biaxial loading
fracture initiation
maximal advance path constraint
multi-scale model
rubber
strain-induced crystallization

Title: Energy based fracture initiation criterion for strain-crystallizing rubber-like materials with pre-existing cracks

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