Climate drivers alter nitrogen availability in surface peat and decouple N2 fixation from CH4 oxidation in the Sphagnum moss microbiome

Petro, Caitlin; Carrell, Alyssa A.; Wilson, Rachel M.; Duchesneau, Katherine; Noble‐Kuchera, Sekou; Song, Tianze; Iversen, Colleen M.; Childs, Joanne; Schwaner, Geoff; Chanton, Jeffrey P.; Norby, Richard J.; Hanson, Paul J.; Glass, Jennifer B.; Weston, David J.; Kostka, Joel E.

doi:10.1111/gcb.16651

Title: Climate drivers alter nitrogen availability in surface peat and decouple N₂ fixation from CH₄ oxidation in the Sphagnum moss microbiome

Journal Article · 30 March 2023 · Global Change Biology

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16651 · OSTI ID:1975359

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Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL (United States)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

Peat mosses (Sphagnum spp.) are keystone species in boreal peatlands, where they dominate net primary productivity and facilitate the accumulation of carbon in thick peat deposits. Sphagnum mosses harbor a diverse assemblage of microbial partners, including N₂-fixing (diazotrophic) and CH₄-oxidizing (methanotrophic) taxa that support ecosystem function by regulating transformations of carbon and nitrogen. In this work, we investigate the response of the Sphagnum phytobiome (plant + constituent microbiome + environment) to a gradient of experimental warming (+0°C to +9°C) and elevated CO₂ (+500 ppm) in an ombrotrophic peatland in northern Minnesota (USA). By tracking changes in carbon (CH₄, CO₂) and nitrogen (NH₄-N) cycling from the belowground environment up to Sphagnum and its associated microbiome, we identified a series of cascading impacts to the Sphagnum phytobiome triggered by warming and elevated CO₂. Under ambient CO₂, warming increased plant-available NH₄-N in surface peat, excess N accumulated in Sphagnum tissue, and N₂ fixation activity decreased. Elevated CO₂ offset the effects of warming, disrupting the accumulation of N in peat and Sphagnum tissue. Methane concentrations in porewater increased with warming irrespective of CO₂ treatment, resulting in a ~10× rise in methanotrophic activity within Sphagnum from the +9°C enclosures. Warming's divergent impacts on diazotrophy and methanotrophy caused these processes to become decoupled at warmer temperatures, as evidenced by declining rates of methane-induced N₂ fixation and significant losses of keystone microbial taxa. In addition to changes in the Sphagnum microbiome, we observed ~94% mortality of Sphagnum between the +0°C and +9°C treatments, possibly due to the interactive effects of warming on N-availability and competition from vascular plant species. Collectively, these results highlight the vulnerability of the Sphagnum phytobiome to rising temperatures and atmospheric CO₂ concentrations, with significant implications for carbon and nitrogen cycling in boreal peatlands.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1975359

Journal Information:: Global Change Biology, Journal Name: Global Change Biology Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 29; ISSN 1354-1013

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Climate drivers alter nitrogen availability in surface peat and decouple N2 fixation from CH4 oxidation in the Sphagnum moss microbiome

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References (81)

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Title: Climate drivers alter nitrogen availability in surface peat and decouple N₂ fixation from CH₄ oxidation in the Sphagnum moss microbiome