Emergent geometry and duality in the carbon nucleus

Shen, Shihang; Elhatisari, Serdar; Lähde, Timo A.; Lee, Dean; Lu, Bing-Nan; Meißner, Ulf-G

doi:10.1038/s41467-023-38391-y

Title: Emergent geometry and duality in the carbon nucleus

Journal Article · 15 May 2023 · Nature Communications

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38391-y · OSTI ID:1973721

^[1];

^[2];

^[1];

^[3]; Lu, Bing-Nan ^[4];

^[5]

Forschungszentrum Jülich (Germany)
Universität Bonn (Germany); Gaziantep Islam Science and Technology University (Turkey)
Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI (United States)
Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing (China)
Forschungszentrum Jülich (Germany); Universität Bonn (Germany); Tbilisi State University (Georgia)

The carbon atom provides the backbone for the complex organic chemistry composing the building blocks of life. The physics of the carbon nucleus in its predominant isotope, ¹²C, is similarly full of multifaceted complexity. Here we provide a model-independent density map of the geometry of the nuclear states of ¹²C using the ab initio framework of nuclear lattice effective field theory. We find that the well-known but enigmatic Hoyle state is composed of a “bent-arm” or obtuse triangular arrangement of alpha clusters. We identify all of the low-lying nuclear states of ¹²C as having an intrinsic shape composed of three alpha clusters forming either an equilateral triangle or an obtuse triangle. The states with the equilateral triangle formation also have a dual description in terms of particle-hole excitations in the mean-field picture.

View Journal Article

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0013365; SC0021152

OSTI ID:: 1973721

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1996380

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Vol. 14, Issue 1; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (49)

Structure of A = 10 – 13 Nuclei with Two- Plus Three-Nucleon Interactions from Chiral Effective Field Theory Navrátil, P.; Gueorguiev, V. G.; Vary, J. P. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.042501	journal	July 2007
Coexistence of cluster and shell-model aspects in nuclear systems Kanada-En’yo, Yoshiko; Horiuchi, Hisashi Frontiers of Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-018-0830-y	journal	September 2018
Reexamination of the excited states of C 12 Freer, M.; Boztosun, I.; Bremner, C. A. Physical Review C, Vol. 76, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.76.034320	journal	September 2007
Density functional theory studies of cluster states in nuclei Ebran, J. -P.; Khan, E.; Nikšić, T. Physical Review C, Vol. 90, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.90.054329	journal	November 2014
Candidate for the 2 + excited Hoyle state at E x ∼ 10 MeV in 12 C Itoh, M.; Akimune, H.; Fujiwara, M. Physical Review C, Vol. 84, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.84.054308	journal	November 2011
Rod-shaped Nuclei at Extreme Spin and Isospin Zhao, P. W.; Itagaki, N.; Meng, J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.022501	journal	July 2015
Precision measurement of the E 2 transition strength to the 2 1 + state of C 12 D'Alessio, A.; Mongelli, T.; Arnold, M. Physical Review C, Vol. 102, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.102.011302	journal	July 2020
Alpha Cluster Condensation in C 12 and O 16 Tohsaki, A.; Horiuchi, H.; Schuck, P. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 87, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.192501	journal	October 2001
Resonance states in 12C and α-particle condensation Funaki, Y.; Tohsaki, A.; Horiuchi, H. The European Physical Journal A, Vol. 24, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2004-10238-x	journal	May 2005
Energy levels of light nuclei A = 11−12 Ajzenberg-Selove, F. Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 506, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(90)90271-M	journal	January 1990
α-Clustering in atomic nuclei from first principles with statistical learning and the Hoyle state character Otsuka, T.; Abe, T.; Yoshida, T. Nature Communications, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29582-0	journal	April 2022
Stringent upper limit on the direct 3 α decay of the Hoyle state in C 12 Smith, R.; Gai, M.; Ahmed, M. W. Physical Review C, Vol. 101, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.101.021302	journal	February 2020
Evidence for Triangular D 3 h Symmetry in C 12 Marín-Lámbarri, D. J.; Bijker, R.; Freer, M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.012502	journal	June 2014
Shell-model study of boron, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen isotopes with a monopole-based universal interaction Yuan, Cenxi; Suzuki, Toshio; Otsuka, Takaharu Physical Review C, Vol. 85, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.85.064324	journal	June 2012
Hoyle state and rotational features in Carbon-12 within a no-core shell-model framework Dreyfuss, Alison C.; Launey, Kristina D.; Dytrych, Tomáš Physics Letters B, Vol. 727, Issue 4-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2013.10.048	journal	December 2013
Multiprobe study of excited states in C12 : Disentangling the sources of monopole strength between the energy of the Hoyle state and Ex=13 MeV Li, K. C. W.; Adsley, P.; Neveling, R. Physical Review C, Vol. 105, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.105.024308	journal	February 2022
Wigner SU(4) symmetry, clustering, and the spectrum of $$^{12}$$C Shen, Shihang; Lähde, Timo A.; Lee, Dean The European Physical Journal A, Vol. 57, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-021-00586-6	journal	September 2021
Isoscalar monopole and dipole excitations of cluster states and giant resonances in C 12 Kanada-En'yo, Yoshiko Physical Review C, Vol. 93, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.93.054307	journal	May 2016
Table of experimental nuclear ground state charge radii: An update Angeli, I.; Marinova, K. P. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, Vol. 99, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adt.2011.12.006	journal	January 2013
B 12 , C 12 , and the Red Giants Cook, C. W.; Fowler, W. A.; Lauritsen, C. C. Physical Review, Vol. 107, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.107.508	journal	July 1957
Analysis of previous microscopic calculations for the second 0 + state in 12 C in terms of 3 − α particle Bose-condensed state Funaki, Y.; Tohsaki, A.; Horiuchi, H. Physical Review C, Vol. 67, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.67.051306	journal	May 2003
Stability of the linear chain structure for 12C in covariant density functional theory on a 3D lattice Ren, ZhengXue; Zhang, ShuangQuan; Zhao, PengWei Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, Vol. 62, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-019-9412-3	journal	June 2019
Ab Initio Nuclear Thermodynamics Lu, Bing-Nan; Li, Ning; Elhatisari, Serdar Physical Review Letters, Vol. 125, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.192502	journal	November 2020
Pair Decay Width of the Hoyle State and its Role for Stellar Carbon Production Chernykh, M.; Feldmeier, H.; Neff, T. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.022501	journal	July 2010
Ab Initio Calculation of the Hoyle State Epelbaum, Evgeny; Krebs, Hermann; Lee, Dean Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.192501	journal	May 2011
The Hoyle state in 12 C Freer, M.; Fynbo, H. O. U. Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vol. 78 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2014.06.001	journal	September 2014
On Nuclear Reactions Occuring in Very Hot STARS.I. the Synthesis of Elements from Carbon to Nickel. Hoyle, F. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/190005	journal	September 1954
Unambiguous Identification of the Second 2 + State in C 12 and the Structure of the Hoyle State Zimmerman, W. R.; Ahmed, M. W.; Bromberger, B. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 110, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.152502	journal	April 2013
Microscopic clustering in light nuclei Freer, Martin; Horiuchi, Hisashi; Kanada-En’yo, Yoshiko Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 90, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.90.035004	journal	August 2018
Exclusive decay study of the 16.62 MeV (2−, T = 1) resonance in 12C Kuhlwein, M.; Lytje, K.; Fynbo, H. O. U. Physics Letters B, Vol. 825 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2021.136857	journal	February 2022
Measurement of the pair transition width for the decay of the 7.654 MeV, 0+ state in 12C Crannell, Hall; Jiang, X.; O'Brien, J. T. Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 758 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.05.072	journal	July 2005
The Structure of Ground and Excited States of 12C Kanada-En'yo, Y. Progress of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 121, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1143/PTP.121.895	journal	April 2009
Optimization of basis functions for multiconfiguration mixing using the replica exchange Monte Carlo method and its application to C 12 Ichikawa, Takatoshi; Itagaki, Naoyuki Physical Review C, Vol. 105, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.105.024314	journal	February 2022
Ab initio Calculations of the Isotopic Dependence of Nuclear Clustering Elhatisari, Serdar; Epelbaum, Evgeny; Krebs, Hermann Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.222505	journal	December 2017
Introduction to Effective Field Theory Lähde, Timo A.; Meißner, Ulf-G. Nuclear Lattice Effective Field Theory https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14189-9_1	book	January 2019
New Insights into the Nucleon’s Electromagnetic Structure Lin, Yong-Hui; Hammer, Hans-Werner; Meißner, Ulf-G. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 128, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.052002	journal	February 2022
Lattice simulations for few- and many-body systems Lee, Dean Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vol. 63, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2008.12.001	journal	July 2009
Elastic electron scattering from 12C and 16O Sick, I.; McCarthy, J. S. Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 150, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(70)90423-9	journal	July 1970
Breathing-like excited state of the Hoyle state in C 12 Zhou, Bo; Tohsaki, Akihiro; Horiuchi, Hisashi Physical Review C, Vol. 94, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.94.044319	journal	October 2016
Evidence for a new C 12 state at 13.3 MeV Freer, M.; Almaraz-Calderon, S.; Aprahamian, A. Physical Review C, Vol. 83, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.83.034314	journal	March 2011
Untersuchung von 0+−0+-Übergängen in12C,24Mg,28Si,32S und40Ca durch unelastische Elektronenstreuung Strehl, P. Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and nuclei, Vol. 234, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01394366	journal	October 1970
Essential elements for nuclear binding Lu, Bing-Nan; Li, Ning; Elhatisari, Serdar Physics Letters B, Vol. 797 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.134863	journal	October 2019
Structure of the Hoyle State in C 12 Chernykh, M.; Feldmeier, H.; Neff, T. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 98, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.032501	journal	January 2007
Evidence against the Efimov effect in C12 from spectroscopy and astrophysics Bishop, J.; Rogachev, G. V.; Ahn, S. Physical Review C, Vol. 103, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.103.L051303	journal	May 2021
Energy levels of light nuclei A= 12 Kelley, J. H.; Purcell, J. E.; Sheu, C. G. Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 968 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2017.07.015	journal	December 2017
2 + excitation of the C 12 Hoyle state Freer, M.; Fujita, H.; Buthelezi, Z. Physical Review C, Vol. 80, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.80.041303	journal	October 2009
Quantum Monte Carlo methods for nuclear physics Carlson, J.; Gandolfi, S.; Pederiva, F. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 87, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.87.1067	journal	September 2015
Investigating the predicted breathing-mode excitation of the Hoyle state Li, K. C. W.; Smit, F. D.; Adsley, P. Physics Letters B, Vol. 827 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2022.136928	journal	April 2022
Structure and Rotations of the Hoyle State Epelbaum, Evgeny; Krebs, Hermann; Lähde, Timo A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.252501	journal	December 2012

Similar Records

Clustering effects in a microscopic four-. alpha. description of the. alpha. + sup 12 C system

Journal Article · 1991 · Physical Review, C (Nuclear Physics); (USA) · OSTI ID:5653482

Descouvemont, P

Cluster model of C12 in the density functional theory framework

Journal Article · 2023 · Physical Review. C · OSTI ID:1985024

Umar, A. S.; Godbey, K.; Simenel, Cedric

Nuclear Threshold States: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow

Journal Article · 2010 · AIP Conference Proceedings · OSTI ID:21367155

Ogloblin, A A; Danilov, A N; Demyanova, A S; +2 more

Related Subjects

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS
Computational science
Experimental nuclear physics
Theoretical nuclear physics

Title: Emergent geometry and duality in the carbon nucleus

Citation Formats

References (49)

Similar Records

Related Subjects