Design, construction, and validation of an in-situ groundwater trace element analyzer with applications in carbon storage

Hartzler, Daniel A.; Bhatt, Chet R.; McIntyre, Dustin L.

doi:10.1038/s41598-023-32788-x

Title: Design, construction, and validation of an in-situ groundwater trace element analyzer with applications in carbon storage

Journal Article · 09 May 2023 · Scientific Reports

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-32788-x · OSTI ID:1973154

Hartzler, Daniel A. ^[1]; Bhatt, Chet R. ^[1]; McIntyre, Dustin L. ^[2]

National Energy Technology Lab. (NETL), Morgantown, WV (United States); Leidos Research Support Team, Morgantown, WV (United States)
National Energy Technology Lab. (NETL), Morgantown, WV (United States)

It is estimated that carbon emissions should reach net-zero by 2050 to meet important climate targets. Carbon capture is likely necessary to reach these targets, requiring a long-term storage solution such as geological carbon sequestration. However, as with any subsurface activity, leakage can occur, potentially impacting groundwater quality near the storage site. Rapid detection is essential to mitigate damage to this resource. Since CO₂ will acidify groundwater, the concentrations of acid soluble minerals and associated cations will increase. Thus, an in-situ, real-time element analysis system based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is under development to monitor these elements. The system splits the traditional LIBS system into a miniature, all-optical sensor head built around a passively Q-switch laser fiber coupled to a control unit. Previous work has validated the LIBS technique for use at high pressure as well as the split system design. In this work, a fieldable prototype sensor is developed and tested in an onsite monitoring well where trace elements concentrations (approx. 0–3 ppm) were tracked over 20 days. These concentrations varied in response to local rainfall, diluting with increased rain, demonstrating the ability of a LIBS-based sensor to track trace elements under real-world conditions.

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Research Organization:: National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), Pittsburgh, PA, Morgantown, WV, and Albany, OR (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

OSTI ID:: 1973154

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2471184

Journal Information:: Scientific Reports, Vol. 13, Issue 1; ISSN 2045-2322

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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