Elongated galactan side chains mediate cellulose–pectin interactions in engineered Arabidopsis secondary cell walls

Gao, Yu; Lipton, Andrew S.; Munson, Coyla R.; Ma, Yingxuan; Johnson, Kim L.; Murray, Dylan T.; Scheller, Henrik V.; Mortimer, Jenny C.

doi:10.1111/tpj.16242

Title: Elongated galactan side chains mediate cellulose–pectin interactions in engineered Arabidopsis secondary cell walls

Journal Article · 25 April 2023 · The Plant Journal

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.16242 · OSTI ID:1971567

Gao, Yu ^[1]; Lipton, Andrew S. ^[2]; Munson, Coyla R. ^[3]; Ma, Yingxuan ^[4]; Johnson, Kim L. ^[4]; Murray, Dylan T. ^[3];

^[5];

^[6]

Joint BioEnergy Institute Emeryville California 94608 USA, Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley California 94720 USA
Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99354 USA
Department of Chemistry University of California Davis Davis California 95616 USA
School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food, La Trobe University Bundoora Victoria 3086 Australia
Joint BioEnergy Institute Emeryville California 94608 USA, Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley California 94720 USA, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of California Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA
Joint BioEnergy Institute Emeryville California 94608 USA, Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley California 94720 USA, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide Glen Osmond South Australia 5064 Australia

SUMMARY The plant secondary cell wall is a thickened matrix of polysaccharides and lignin deposited at the cessation of growth in some cells. It forms the majority of carbon in lignocellulosic biomass, and it is an abundant and renewable source for forage, fiber, materials, fuels, and bioproducts. The complex structure and arrangement of the cell wall polymers mean that the carbon is difficult to access in an economical and sustainable way. One solution is to alter the cell wall polymer structure so that it is more suited to downstream processing. However, it remains difficult to predict what the effects of this engineering will be on the assembly, architecture, and properties of the cell wall. Here, we make use of Arabidopsis plants expressing a suite of genes to increase pectic galactan chain length in the secondary cell wall. Using multi‐dimensional solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance, we show that increasing galactan chain length enhances pectin–cellulose spatial contacts and increases cellulose crystallinity. We also found that the increased galactan content leads to fewer spatial contacts of cellulose with xyloglucan and the backbone of pectin. Hence, we propose that the elongated galactan side chains compete with xyloglucan and the pectic backbone for cellulose interactions. Due to the galactan topology, this may result in comparatively weak interactions and disrupt the cell wall architecture. Therefore, introduction of this strategy into trees or other bioenergy crops would benefit from cell‐specific expression strategies to avoid negative effects on plant growth.

View Journal Article

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1971567

Journal Information:: The Plant Journal, Journal Name: The Plant Journal Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 115; ISSN 0960-7412

Publisher:: Wiley-BlackwellCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

References (70)

Multidimensional solid-state NMR studies of the structure and dynamics of pectic polysaccharides in uniformly 13C-labeled Arabidopsis primary cell walls: Pectin structure in plant cell walls from solid-state NMR Dick-Perez, Marilu; Wang, Tuo; Salazar, Andre Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, Vol. 50, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.3836	journal	July 2012
Ramped-Amplitude Cross Polarization in Magic-Angle-Spinning NMR Metz, G.; Wu, X. L.; Smith, S. O. Journal of Magnetic Resonance, Series A, Vol. 110, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1006/jmra.1994.1208	journal	October 1994
An Improved Broadband Decoupling Sequence for Liquid Crystals and Solids Fung, B. M.; Khitrin, A. K.; Ermolaev, Konstantin Journal of Magnetic Resonance, Vol. 142, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1006/jmre.1999.1896	journal	January 2000
Aldo (and Keto) Hexoses and Uronic Acids Feingold, D. S. Plant Carbohydrates I https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68275-9_1	book	January 1982
β-(1,4)-Galactan remodelling in Arabidopsis cell walls affects the xyloglucan structure during elongation Moneo-Sánchez, María; Alonso-Chico, Alejandro; Knox, J. Paul Planta, Vol. 249, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-018-3008-5	journal	September 2018
Pectic galactan affects cell wall architecture during secondary cell wall deposition Moneo-Sánchez, María; Vaquero-Rodríguez, Andrea; Hernández-Nistal, Josefina Planta, Vol. 251, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-020-03394-2	journal	April 2020
Relaxation-compensated difference spin diffusion NMR for detecting 13C–13C long-range correlations in proteins and polysaccharides Wang, Tuo; Williams, Jonathan K.; Schmidt-Rohr, Klaus Journal of Biomolecular NMR, Vol. 61, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10858-014-9889-0	journal	December 2014
13C–1H dipolar-assisted rotational resonance in magic-angle spinning NMR Takegoshi, K.; Nakamura, Shinji; Terao, Takehiko Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 344, Issue 5-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(01)00791-6	journal	August 2001
The role of solid state NMR spectroscopy in studies of the nature of native celluloses Atalla, R. H.; VanderHart, D. L. Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-2040(99)00042-9	journal	October 1999
Unlocking the architecture of native plant cell walls via solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance Gao, Yu; Mortimer, Jenny C. Methods in Cell Biology https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.05.001	book	June 2020
Alkaline extractability of pectic arabinan and galactan and their mobility in sugar beet and potato cell walls Zykwinska, Agata; Rondeau-Mouro, Corinne; Garnier, Catherine Carbohydrate Polymers, Vol. 65, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.02.012	journal	September 2006
Competitive binding of pectin and xyloglucan with primary cell wall cellulose Zykwinska, Agata; Thibault, Jean-François; Ralet, Marie-Christine Carbohydrate Polymers, Vol. 74, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.05.004	journal	November 2008
Structural details of pectic galactan from the secondary cell walls of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) phloem fibres Mikshina, Polina V.; Gurjanov, Oleg P.; Mukhitova, Fakhima K. Carbohydrate Polymers, Vol. 87, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.068	journal	January 2012
Binding of arabinan or galactan during cellulose synthesis is extensive and reversible Lin, Dehui; Lopez-Sanchez, Patricia; Gidley, Michael J. Carbohydrate Polymers, Vol. 126 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.03.048	journal	August 2015
Metrics of rhamnogalacturonan I with β-(1→4)-linked galactan side chains and structural basis for its self-aggregation Makshakova, Olga N.; Gorshkova, Tatyana A.; Mikshina, Polina V. Carbohydrate Polymers, Vol. 158 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.11.082	journal	February 2017
A pectin methyltransferase modulates polysaccharide dynamics and interactions in Arabidopsis primary cell walls: Evidence from solid-state NMR Kirui, Alex; Du, Juan; Zhao, Wancheng Carbohydrate Polymers, Vol. 270 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118370	journal	October 2021
The structure, function, and biosynthesis of plant cell wall pectic polysaccharides Caffall, Kerry Hosmer; Mohnen, Debra Carbohydrate Research, Vol. 344, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2009.05.021	journal	September 2009
New synthetic approaches to biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass Zhu, Ping; Abdelaziz, Omar Y.; Hulteberg, Christian P. Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, Vol. 21 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2019.08.005	journal	February 2020
Xylan biosynthesis Rennie, Emilie A.; Scheller, Henrik Vibe Current Opinion in Biotechnology, Vol. 26 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2013.11.013	journal	April 2014
Occurrence of cell-specific galactan is coinciding with bast fiber developmental transition in flax Gorshkova, Tatyana A.; Chemikosova, Svetlana B.; Sal’nikov, Vadim V. Industrial Crops and Products, Vol. 19, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.10.002	journal	May 2004
Engineering of plant cell walls for enhanced biofuel production Loqué, Dominique; Scheller, Henrik V.; Pauly, Markus Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Vol. 25 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2015.05.018	journal	June 2015
Cellulose Structural Polymorphism in Plant Primary Cell Walls Investigated by High-Field 2D Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Calculations Wang, Tuo; Yang, Hui; Kubicki, James D. Biomacromolecules, Vol. 17, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00441	journal	May 2016
Effects of Pectin Molecular Weight Changes on the Structure, Dynamics, and Polysaccharide Interactions of Primary Cell Walls of Arabidopsis thaliana : Insights from Solid-State NMR Phyo, Pyae; Wang, Tuo; Xiao, Chaowen Biomacromolecules, Vol. 18, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00888	journal	August 2017
Aromatics from Lignocellulosic Biomass: A Platform for High-Performance Thermosets Mahajan, Jignesh S.; O’Dea, Robert M.; Norris, Joanne B. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 8, Issue 40 https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c04817	journal	September 2020
Structure and Interactions of Plant Cell-Wall Polysaccharides by Two- and Three-Dimensional Magic-Angle-Spinning Solid-State NMR Dick-Pérez, Marilú; Zhang, Yuan; Hayes, Jennifer Biochemistry, Vol. 50, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/bi101795q	journal	February 2011
Pectin–Cellulose Interactions in the Arabidopsis Primary Cell Wall from Two-Dimensional Magic-Angle-Spinning Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Wang, Tuo; Zabotina, Olga; Hong, Mei Biochemistry, Vol. 51, Issue 49 https://doi.org/10.1021/bi3015532	journal	November 2012
Structure and Dynamics of Brachypodium Primary Cell Wall Polysaccharides from Two-Dimensional ¹³ C Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Wang, Tuo; Salazar, Andre; Zabotina, Olga A. Biochemistry, Vol. 53, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1021/bi500231b	journal	April 2014
Probing the Molecular Architecture of Arabidopsis thaliana Secondary Cell Walls Using Two- and Three-Dimensional ¹³ C Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Dupree, Ray; Simmons, Thomas J.; Mortimer, Jennifer C. Biochemistry, Vol. 54, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1021/bi501552k	journal	March 2015
Residue Specific Hydration of Primary Cell Wall Potato Pectin Identified by Solid-State ¹³C Single-Pulse MAS and CP/MAS NMR Spectroscopy Larsen, Flemming H.; Byg, Inge; Damager, Iben Biomacromolecules, Vol. 12, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/bm2001928	journal	April 2011
Complete Resonance Assignment of a Natural Abundance Solid Peptide by Through-Bond Heteronuclear Correlation Solid-State NMR Lesage, Anne; Charmont, Patrick; Steuernagel, Stefan Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 122, Issue 40 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0018320	journal	October 2000
Determination of Through-Bond Carbon−Carbon Connectivities in Solid-State NMR Using the INADEQUATE Experiment Lesage, Anne; Auger, Céline; Caldarelli, Stefano Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 119, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja971089k	journal	August 1997
Pectin: cell biology and prospects for functional analysis Willats, William G. T.; McCartney, Lesley; Mackie, William Plant Molecular Biology, Vol. 47, Issue 1/2, p. 9-27 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010662911148	journal	September 2001
Folding of xylan onto cellulose fibrils in plant cell walls revealed by solid-state NMR Simmons, Thomas J.; Mortimer, Jenny C.; Bernardinelli, Oigres D. Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13902	journal	December 2016
Preparation of plant cells for transmission electron microscopy to optimize immunogold labeling of carbohydrate and protein epitopes Wilson, Sarah M.; Bacic, Antony Nature Protocols, Vol. 7, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2012.096	journal	August 2012
Lignin-polysaccharide interactions in plant secondary cell walls revealed by solid-state NMR Kang, Xue; Kirui, Alex; Dickwella Widanage, Malitha C. Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-08252-0	journal	January 2019
Molecular architecture of softwood revealed by solid-state NMR Terrett, Oliver M.; Lyczakowski, Jan J.; Yu, Li Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12979-9	journal	October 2019
A grass-specific cellulose–xylan interaction dominates in sorghum secondary cell walls Gao, Yu; Lipton, Andrew S.; Wittmer, Yuuki Nature Communications, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19837-z	journal	November 2020
An even pattern of xylan substitution is critical for interaction with cellulose in plant cell walls Grantham, Nicholas J.; Wurman-Rodrich, Joel; Terrett, Oliver M. Nature Plants, Vol. 3, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-017-0030-8	journal	October 2017
Temporal and spatial regulation of pectic (14)-beta-D-galactan in cell walls of developing pea cotyledons: implications for mechanical properties McCartney, Lesley; Ormerod, andrew P.; Gidley, Michael J. The Plant Journal, Vol. 22, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313x.2000.00719.x	journal	April 2000
The Implications of Lignocellulosic Biomass Chemical Composition for the Production of Advanced Biofuels Sorek, Nadav; Yeats, Trevor H.; Szemenyei, Heidi BioScience, Vol. 64, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bit037	journal	February 2014
Organization of pectic arabinan and galactan side chains in association with cellulose microfibrils in primary cell walls and related models envisaged Zykwinska, A.; Thibault, J. -F.; Ralet, M. -C. Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 58, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erm037	journal	April 2007
Solid-state NMR investigations of cellulose structure and interactions with matrix polysaccharides in plant primary cell walls Wang, Tuo; Hong, Mei Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 67, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erv416	journal	September 2015
Functions of Xyloglucan in Plant Cells Hayashi, Takahisa; Kaida, Rumi Molecular Plant, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mp/ssq063	journal	January 2011
The Three Members of the Arabidopsis Glycosyltransferase Family 92 are Functional β-1,4-Galactan Synthases Ebert, Berit; Birdseye, Devon; Liwanag, April J. M. Plant and Cell Physiology, Vol. 59, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcy180	journal	September 2018
Evidence for In Vitro Binding of Pectin Side Chains to Cellulose Zykwinska, Agata W.; Ralet, Marie-Christine J.; Garnier, Catherine D. Plant Physiology, Vol. 139, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.105.065912	journal	August 2005
A Comprehensive Toolkit of Plant Cell Wall Glycan-Directed Monoclonal Antibodies Pattathil, S.; Avci, U.; Baldwin, D. Plant Physiology, Vol. 153, Issue 2, p. 514-525 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.151985	journal	April 2010
Development of Cellulosic Secondary Walls in Flax Fibers Requires β-Galactosidase Roach, Melissa J.; Mokshina, Natalia Y.; Badhan, Ajay Plant Physiology, Vol. 156, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.111.172676	journal	May 2011
Cloning of an Enzyme That Synthesizes a Key Nucleotide-Sugar Precursor of Hemicellulose Biosynthesis from Soybean:UDP-Glucose Dehydrogenase Tenhaken, R.; Thulke, O. Plant Physiology, Vol. 112, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.112.3.1127	journal	November 1996
Localization of Pectic Galactan in Tomato Cell Walls Using a Monoclonal Antibody Specific to (1[->]4)-[beta]-D-Galactan Jones, L.; Seymour, G. B.; Knox, J. P. Plant Physiology, Vol. 113, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.113.4.1405	journal	April 1997
Cellulose-Pectin Spatial Contacts Are Inherent to Never-Dried Arabidopsis Primary Cell Walls: Evidence from Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Wang, Tuo; Park, Yong Bum; Cosgrove, Daniel J. Plant Physiology, Vol. 168, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.15.00665	journal	June 2015
Pectin Biosynthesis: GALS1 in Arabidopsis thaliana Is a β-1,4-Galactan β-1,4-Galactosyltransferase Liwanag, April Jennifer Madrid; Ebert, Berit; Verhertbruggen, Yves The Plant Cell, Vol. 24, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.112.106625	journal	December 2012
Growth Stage-Based Phenotypic Analysis of Arabidopsis: A Model for High Throughput Functional Genomics in Plants Boyes, D. C. THE PLANT CELL ONLINE, Vol. 13, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.13.7.1499	journal	July 2001
Biosynthesis of pectin Scheller, Henrik Vibe; Jensen, Jacob Krüger; Sørensen, Susanne Oxenbøll Physiologia Plantarum, Vol. 129, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2006.00834.x	journal	November 2006
Unlocking the potential of lignocellulosic biomass through plant science Marriott, Poppy E.; Gómez, Leonardo D.; McQueen-Mason, Simon J. New Phytologist, Vol. 209, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13684	journal	October 2015
Expression of a bacterial 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase reduces lignin content and improves biomass saccharification efficiency Eudes, Aymerick; Sathitsuksanoh, Noppadon; Baidoo, Edward E. K. Plant Biotechnology Journal, Vol. 13, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12310	journal	January 2015
Rhamnogalacturonan‐I is a determinant of cell–cell adhesion in poplar wood Yang, Haibing; Benatti, Matheus R.; Karve, Rucha A. Plant Biotechnology Journal, Vol. 18, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.13271	journal	October 2019
GUX1 and GUX2 glucuronyltransferases decorate distinct domains of glucuronoxylan with different substitution patterns Bromley, Jennifer R.; Busse-Wicher, Marta; Tryfona, Theodora The Plant Journal, Vol. 74, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.12135	journal	March 2013
The pattern of xylan acetylation suggests xylan may interact with cellulose microfibrils as a twofold helical screw in the secondary plant cell wall of Arabidopsis thaliana Busse-Wicher, Marta; Gomes, Thiago C. F.; Tryfona, Theodora The Plant Journal, Vol. 79, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.12575	journal	July 2014
Bifunctional glycosyltransferases catalyze both extension and termination of pectic galactan oligosaccharides Laursen, Tomas; Stonebloom, Solomon H.; Pidatala, Venkataramana R. The Plant Journal, Vol. 94, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.13860	journal	March 2018
Native Cellulose: A Composite of Two Distinct Crystalline Forms Atalla, R. H.; Vanderhart, D. L. Science, Vol. 223, Issue 4633 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.223.4633.283	journal	January 1984
Hemicelluloses Scheller, Henrik Vibe; Ulvskov, Peter Annual Review of Plant Biology, Vol. 61, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-042809-112315	journal	June 2010
A gene stacking approach leads to engineered plants with highly increased galactan levels in Arabidopsis Gondolf, Vibe M.; Stoppel, Rhea; Ebert, Berit BMC Plant Biology, Vol. 14, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-014-0344-x	journal	December 2014
Expression of a bacterial 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase (QsuB) reduces lignin and improves biomass saccharification efficiency in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) Hao, Zhangying; Yogiswara, Sasha; Wei, Tong BMC Plant Biology, Vol. 21, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-02842-9	journal	January 2021
Designer biomass for next-generation biorefineries: leveraging recent insights into xylan structure and biosynthesis Smith, Peter J.; Wang, Hsin-Tzu; York, William S. Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-017-0973-z	journal	November 2017
Gene stacking of multiple traits for high yield of fermentable sugars in plant biomass Aznar, Aude; Chalvin, Camille; Shih, Patrick M. Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-017-1007-6	journal	January 2018
Tension wood structure and morphology conducive for better enzymatic digestion Sawada, Daisuke; Kalluri, Udaya C.; O’Neill, Hugh Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-018-1043-x	journal	February 2018
Increased drought tolerance in plants engineered for low lignin and low xylan content Yan, Jingwei; Aznar, Aude; Chalvin, Camille Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-018-1196-7	journal	July 2018
A screening method to identify efficient sgRNAs in Arabidopsis, used in conjunction with cell-specific lignin reduction Liang, Yan; Eudes, Aymerick; Yogiswara, Sasha Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-019-1467-y	journal	May 2019
Microdistribution of xyloglucan in differentiating poplar cells Sandquist, David; Filonova, Lada; von Schantz, Laura BioResources, Vol. 5, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.5.2.796-807	journal	March 2010
Roles of pectin in biomass yield and processing for biofuels Xiao, Chaowen; Anderson, Charles T. Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 4 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2013.00067	journal	January 2013

Similar Records

A pectin methyltransferase modulates polysaccharide dynamics and interactions in Arabidopsis primary cell walls: Evidence from solid-state NMR

Journal Article · 2021 · Carbohydrate Polymers · OSTI ID:1976908

Kirui, Alex; Du, Juan; Zhao, Wancheng; +5 more

Bifunctional glycosyltransferases catalyze both extension and termination of pectic galactan oligosaccharides

Journal Article · 2018 · The Plant Journal · OSTI ID:1429122

Laursen, Tomas; Stonebloom, Solomon H.; Pidatala, Venkataramana R.; +4 more

Bifunctional glycosyltransferases catalyze both extension and termination of pectic galactan oligosaccharides

Journal Article · 2018 · The Plant Journal · OSTI ID:1459405

Laursen, Tomas; Stonebloom, Solomon H.; Pidatala, Venkataramana R.; +4 more

Related Subjects

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Arabidopsis thaliana
biofuels
galactan
pectin
recalcitrance
secondary cell wall
solid state nuclear magnetic resonance

Title: Elongated galactan side chains mediate cellulose–pectin interactions in engineered Arabidopsis secondary cell walls

Citation Formats

References (70)

Similar Records

Related Subjects