Integrated control of individual plasma scalars with simultaneous neoclassical tearing-mode suppression

Pajares, Andres; Schuster, Eugenio; Thome, Kathreen E.; Welander, Anders S.; Barr, Jayson L.; Eidietis, Nicholas W.; Humphreys, David A.

doi:10.1088/1741-4326/ac4868

Title: Integrated control of individual plasma scalars with simultaneous neoclassical tearing-mode suppression

Journal Article · 25 January 2022 · Nuclear Fusion

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac4868 · OSTI ID:1971137

^[1];

^[2];

^[3]; Welander, Anders S. ^[3];

^[3];

^[3]

Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA (United States); General Atomics
Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA (United States)
General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)

A novel integrated-control architecture has been tested in nonlinear, one-dimensional simulations using the control-oriented transport simulator (COTSIM©) and in DIII-D experiments. Integrated architectures that can perform continuous-mission control while also handling off-normal events will be vital in future reactor-grade tokamaks. Continuous-mission controllers for individual magnetic and kinetic scalars (thermal stored-energy (W), volume-average toroidal rotation (Ω_Φ), and safety factor profile (q) at different spatial locations) have been integrated in this work with event-triggered neoclassical tearing-mode (NTM) suppression controllers by combining them into an architecture augmented by a supervisory and exception handling (S&EH) system and an actuator management (AM) system. Here, the AM system, which enables the integration of competing controllers, solves in real time a nonlinear optimization problem that takes into account the high-level control priorities dictated by the S&EH system. The resulting architecture offers a high level of integration and some of the functionalities that will be required to fulfill the advanced-control requirements anticipated for ITER. Initial simulations using COTSIM suggest that the plasma performance and its MHD stability may be improved under integrated feedback control. In addition, the integrated-control architecture has been implemented in the DIII-D plasma control system and tested experimentally for the first time ever in DIII-D in a high-q_min scenario, which is a candidate for steady-state operation in ITER.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES)

Grant/Contract Number:: FC02-04ER54698; SC0010661

OSTI ID:: 1971137

Journal Information:: Nuclear Fusion, Journal Name: Nuclear Fusion Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 62; ISSN 0029-5515

Publisher:: IOP ScienceCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (31)

DIII-D Research to Prepare for Steady State Advanced Tokamak Power Plants Buttery, R. J.; Covele, B.; Ferron, J. Journal of Fusion Energy, Vol. 38, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10894-018-0185-y	journal	September 2018
Physics of the conceptual design of the ITER plasma control system Snipes, J. A.; Bremond, S.; Campbell, D. J. Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 89, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2014.01.063	journal	May 2014
Experiments on actuator management and integrated control at ASDEX Upgrade Rapson, Christopher James; Felici, F.; Galperti, C. Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 123 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.03.014	journal	November 2017
Preliminary exception handling analysis for the ITER plasma control system Raupp, G.; Pautasso, G.; Rapson, C. Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 123 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.05.013	journal	November 2017
Actuator allocation for integrated control in tokamaks: architectural design and a mixed-integer programming algorithm Maljaars, E.; Felici, F. Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 122 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.09.004	journal	November 2017
Tokamak-agnostic actuator management for multi-task integrated control with application to TCV and ITER Vu, N. M. Trang; Blanken, T. C.; Felici, F. Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 147 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.111260	journal	October 2019
Integrated Control and Actuator Management Strategies for Internal Inductance and Normalized Beta Regulation Pajares, A.; Schuster, E. Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 170 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112526	journal	September 2021
Preparation of Papers for IFAC Conferences & Symposia: Integration of Process Design and Control Using Hierarchical Control Structure Zhou, Mengfei; Li, Long; Xie, Lei IFAC-PapersOnLine, Vol. 48, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.08.179	journal	January 2015
Integrated control and process design in CFB boiler design and control - application possibilities Hultgren, Matias; Ikonen, Enso; Kovács, Jenö IFAC-PapersOnLine, Vol. 50, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.180	journal	July 2017
Control of neoclassical tearing modes in DIII–D La Haye, R. J.; Günter, S.; Humphreys, D. A. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 9, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1456066	journal	May 2002
Models for the pedestal temperature at the edge of H-mode tokamak plasmas Onjun, T.; Bateman, G.; Kritz, A. H. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 9, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1518474	journal	December 2002
Mechanisms for generating toroidal rotation in tokamaks without external momentum input Solomon, W. M.; Burrell, K. H.; Garofalo, A. M. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 17, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3328521	journal	May 2010
“One size fits all” analytic solutions to the Grad–Shafranov equation Cerfon, Antoine J.; Freidberg, Jeffrey P. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 17, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3328818	journal	March 2010
Sensitivity of transport and stability to the current profile in steady-state scenario plasmas in DIII-D Turco, F.; Holcomb, C. T.; Ferron, J. R. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 19, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4772765	journal	December 2012
Novel aspects of plasma control in ITER Humphreys, D.; Ambrosino, G.; de Vries, P. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4907901	journal	February 2015
Neoclassical conductivity and bootstrap current formulas for general axisymmetric equilibria and arbitrary collisionality regime Sauter, O.; Angioni, C.; Lin-Liu, Y. R. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 6, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.873240	journal	July 1999
Microinstability-based model for anomalous thermal confinement in tokamaks Tang, W. M. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 26, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/26/12/003	journal	December 1986
Validation of a new mixed Bohm/gyro-Bohm model for electron and ion heat transport against the ITER, Tore Supra and START database discharges Erba, M.; Aniel, T.; Basiuk, V. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 38, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/38/7/305	journal	July 1998
Real time equilibrium reconstruction for tokamak discharge control Ferron, J. R.; Walker, M. L.; Lao, L. L. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 38, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/38/7/308	journal	July 1998
Chapter 2: Plasma confinement and transport Transport, ITER Physics Expert Group on Confin; Database, ITER Physics Expert Group on Confin; Editors, ITER Physics Basis Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 39, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/39/12/302	journal	December 1999
Higher stable beta by use of pre-emptive electron cyclotron current drive on DIII-D Haye, R. J. La; Humphreys, D. A.; Ferron, J. R. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 45, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/45/11/l02	journal	October 2005
Integrated magnetic and kinetic control of advanced tokamak plasmas on DIII-D based on data-driven models Moreau, D.; Walker, M. L.; Ferron, J. R. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/53/6/063020	journal	May 2013
Physics-based control-oriented modeling and robust feedback control of the plasma safety factor profile and stored energy dynamics in ITER Barton, Justin E.; Besseghir, Karim; Lister, Jo Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/57/11/115003	journal	September 2015
Overview of the preliminary design of the ITER plasma control system Snipes, J. A.; Albanese, R.; Ambrosino, G. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa8177	journal	September 2017
Implementing a finite-state off-normal and fault response system for disruption avoidance in tokamaks Eidietis, N. W.; Choi, W.; Hahn, S. H. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aab62c	journal	March 2018
Real-time plasma state monitoring and supervisory control on TCV Blanken, T. C.; Felici, F.; Galperti, C. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aaf451	journal	January 2019
Control of neoclassical tearing modes and integrated multi-actuator plasma control on TCV Kong, M.; Blanken, T. C.; Felici, F. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab1e1e	journal	June 2019
Current profile and normalized beta control via feedback linearization and Lyapunov techniques Pajares, Andres; Schuster, Eugenio Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/abd09d	journal	January 2021
Theory of plasma transport in toroidal confinement systems Hinton, F. L.; Hazeltine, R. D. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 48, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.48.239	journal	April 1976
Integrated Real-Time Supervisory Management for Off-Normal-Event Handling and Feedback Control of Tokamak Plasmas Vu, Trang; Felici, Federico; Galperti, Cristian IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 68, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2021.3084410	journal	August 2021
Integrated Robust Control of the Global Toroidal Rotation and Total Plasma Energy in Tokamaks Pajares, Andres; Schuster, Eugenio IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 48, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1109/tps.2020.2987264	journal	June 2020

Similar Records

Active control for stabilization of neoclassical tearing modes

Journal Article · 2006 · Physics of Plasmas · OSTI ID:20783138

Humphreys, D A; Ferron, J R; La Haye, R J; +4 more

Disruptive neoclassical tearing mode seeding in DIII-D with implications for ITER

Journal Article · 2022 · Nuclear Fusion · OSTI ID:1863244

La Haye, R. J.; Chrystal, C.; Strait, E. J.; +5 more

Integrated simulations of saturated neoclassical tearing modes in DIII-D, Joint European Torus, and ITER plasmas

Journal Article · 2006 · Physics of Plasmas · OSTI ID:20787370

Halpern, Federico D; Bateman, Glenn; Kritz, Arnold H

Related Subjects

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY
DIII-D experiments
integrated plasma control
nonlinear simulation

Title: Integrated control of individual plasma scalars with simultaneous neoclassical tearing-mode suppression

Citation Formats

References (31)

Similar Records

Related Subjects