Far-off-equilibrium expansion trajectories in the QCD phase diagram

Chattopadhyay, Chandrodoy; Heinz, Ulrich; Schäfer, Thomas

doi:10.1103/physrevc.107.044905

Title: Far-off-equilibrium expansion trajectories in the QCD phase diagram

Journal Article · 18 April 2023 · Physical Review. C

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.107.044905 · OSTI ID:1970393

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North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (United States)
The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)

We consider the hydrodynamic evolution of a quark-gluon gas with nonzero quark masses and net baryon number in its phase diagram. For far-off-equilibrium initial conditions the expansion trajectories appear to violate simple rules based on the second law of thermodynamics that were previously established for ideal or weakly dissipative fluids. For Bjorken flow we present a detailed analysis within kinetic theory that provides a full microscopic understanding of these macroscopic phenomena and establishes their thermodynamic consistency. We point out that, for certain far-off-equilibrium initial conditions, the well-known phenomenon of “viscous heating” turns into “viscous cooling” where, driven by dissipative effects, the temperature decreases faster than in adiabatic expansion.

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Research Organization:: The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States); North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0004286; FG02-03ER41260

OSTI ID:: 1970393

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1971989; OSTI ID: 2326331

Journal Information:: Physical Review. C, Vol. 107, Issue 4; ISSN 2469-9985

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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