Leveraging the bioeconomy for carbon drawdown

Dees, John P.; Sagues, William Joe; Woods, Ethan; Goldstein, Hannah M.; Simon, A. J.; Sanchez, Daniel L.

doi:10.1039/D2GC02483G

Title: Leveraging the bioeconomy for carbon drawdown

Journal Article · 05 April 2023 · Green Chemistry

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D2GC02483G · OSTI ID:1968635

Dees, John P. ^[1]; Sagues, William Joe ^[2]; Woods, Ethan ^[2]; Goldstein, Hannah M. ^[3]; Simon, A. J. ^[3];

^[1]

University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Stringent climate change mitigation scenarios rely on large-scale drawdown of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Amongst drawdown technologies, bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration (BECCS) has received considerable attention in the climate mitigation literature. Recently, attention has shifted further from a relatively narrow focus on BECCS to a broader focus on Biomass Carbon Removal and Storage (BiCRS). The concept of BiCRS has the potential to enable a future where the climate mitigation value of biomass resources is more valuable than the energy value, due to the potential to remove and sequester large quantities atmospheric CO2. This article provides a qualitative overview of prominent BiCRS technologies from which a set of the most promising technologies are assessed quantitively through life cycle assessment. There are numerous opportunities to incorporate carbon removal and management within the bioeconomy, but the majority of immediate carbon removal potential exists in four bioproducts: bioenergy, bioplastics, biochar, and wood products. We analyze the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions and disposition of sequestered carbon over 10 000 years for four bioproducts representative of each broader category: an advanced BECCS pathway, biopolyethylene, oriented strand board, and biochar soil amendment. We find that the BECCS pathway has the greatest magnitude and durability of CO2 storage over all time horizons. However, non-BECCS pathways achieve 34–64% of the drawdown magnitude relative to BECCS and retain 55–67% of their initial drawdown over 100 years (central estimate). We identify three engineering strategies for enhancing carbon drawdown: reducing biomass supply chain emissions, maximizing carbon stored in long-lived products, and extending the term of carbon storage. Finally, we highlight the need to characterize both the magnitude and permanence of carbon drawdown as a means for policymakers and technology developers to deploy limited biomass resources to maximize mitigation benefits.

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Research Organization:: North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; EE0009413

OSTI ID:: 1968635

Journal Information:: Green Chemistry, Journal Name: Green Chemistry Journal Issue: 8 Vol. 25; ISSN 1463-9270; ISSN 1463-9262

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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