Mapping the pathways of photo-induced ion migration in organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskites

Kim, Taeyong; Park, Soyeon; Iyer, Vasudevan; Shaheen, Basamat; Choudhry, Usama; Jiang, Qi; Eichman, Gage; Gnabasik, Ryan; Kelley, Kyle; Lawrie, Benjamin; Zhu, Kai; Liao, Bolin

doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37486-w

Title: Mapping the pathways of photo-induced ion migration in organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskites

Journal Article · 02 April 2023 · Nature Communications

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37486-w · OSTI ID:1968113

; Park, Soyeon; Iyer, Vasudevan;

; Choudhry, Usama; Jiang, Qi;

; Gnabasik, Ryan;

;

Abstract Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites exhibiting exceptional photovoltaic and optoelectronic properties are of fundamental and practical interest, owing to their tunability and low manufacturing cost. For practical applications, however, challenges such as material instability and the photocurrent hysteresis occurring in perovskite solar cells under light exposure need to be understood and addressed. While extensive investigations have suggested that ion migration is a plausible origin of these detrimental effects, detailed understanding of the ion migration pathways remains elusive. Here, we report the characterization of photo-induced ion migration in perovskites using in situ laser illumination inside a scanning electron microscope, coupled with secondary electron imaging, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence with varying primary electron energies. Using methylammonium lead iodide and formamidinium lead iodide as model systems, we observed photo-induced long-range migration of halide ions over hundreds of micrometers and elucidated the transport pathways of various ions both near the surface and inside the bulk of the samples, including a surprising finding of the vertical migration of lead ions. Our study provides insights into ion migration processes in perovskites that can aid perovskite material design and processing in future applications.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Seoul National University; US Army Research Office (ARO); USDOE; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities Division

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; AC36-08GO28308; EE0008790; SC0019244

OSTI ID:: 1968113

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5900-85542; 1846; PII: 37486

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Journal Name: Nature Communications Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 14; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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14 SOLAR ENERGY
42 ENGINEERING
cathodoluminescence
electron microscopy
energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
hybrid perovskites
ion migration

Title: Mapping the pathways of photo-induced ion migration in organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskites

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