Effect of heat treatment on creep behavior of 316 L stainless steel manufactured by laser powder bed fusion

Li, Meimei; Chen, Wei-Ying; Zhang, Xuan

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.153469

Title: Effect of heat treatment on creep behavior of 316 L stainless steel manufactured by laser powder bed fusion

Journal Article · 15 December 2021 · Journal of Nuclear Materials

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.153469 · OSTI ID:1962059

Li, Meimei ^[1]; Chen, Wei-Ying ^[1]; Zhang, Xuan ^[1]

Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

The objective of this study is to understand the thermal stability of microstructure and its effect on the creep behavior of additively-manufactured 316L stainless steel (AM 316L SS). Creep specimens were fabricated from rods printed by a laser powder bed fusion process. Six different heat treatments, namely 650 °C/1 h, 700 °C/1 h, 750 °C/1 h, 800 °C/1 h, 900 °C/1 h and 1050 °C/1 h were applied to the creep specimens. The heat-treated specimens were creep-tested under the same condition, 550 °C/275 MPa to evaluate the effect of post-build heat treatment on the creep behavior of AM 316L SS. In the temperature range of 650-750 °C, dislocation density within cells, and cell size and wall thickness were affected by the heat treatment, while elemental segregation at boundaries remained unchanged and Mn-enriched Si oxide particles remained stable. In the temperature range of 750-900 °C, concurrent changes were observed in dislocation cell structures, elemental segregation and oxide particles. The 1050 °C-heat treatment removed cell structures and boundary solute segregations, leading to formation of equiaxed grains; Mn-enriched Si oxide particles in the as-built specimen were replaced by more stable Mn-enriched Cr oxides. The creep life of AM 316L SS increased after the heat treatment at 650 °C and then decreased with increasing temperature up to 900 °C where cell/subgrain structures still existed. The creep rate and creep elongation followed an opposite trend. The creep rate can be correlated with the structural parameters of cell/subgrain size and cell wall/boundary thickness and can be rationalized by different strengthening mechanisms of dislocation cells and subgrains. The heat treatment affected strongly the primary and secondary creep but had a minimal effect on the tertiary creep of AM 316L SS.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy; USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1962059

Journal Information:: Journal of Nuclear Materials, Journal Name: Journal of Nuclear Materials Vol. 559; ISSN 0022-3115

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (42)

Substructure strengthening mechanisms Thompson, Anthony W. Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 8, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02661564	journal	June 1977
Flow stress, subgrain size, and subgrain stability at elevated temperature Sherby, Oleg D.; Klundt, Rodney H.; Miller, Alan K. Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 8, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02661565	journal	June 1977
Influence of heat treatment temperature on the microstructural, mechanical, and wear behavior of 316L stainless steel fabricated by laser powder bed additive manufacturing Tascioglu, Emre; Karabulut, Yusuf; Kaynak, Yusuf The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 107, Issue 5-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-04972-0	journal	February 2020
Creep deformation and fracture behavior of types 316 and 316L(N) stainless steels and their weld metals Sasikala, G.; Mannan, S. L.; Mathew, M. D. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 31, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-000-0113-3	journal	April 2000
An Experimental Investigation into Additive Manufacturing-Induced Residual Stresses in 316L Stainless Steel Wu, Amanda S.; Brown, Donald W.; Kumar, Mukul Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 45, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-014-2549-x	journal	September 2014
High Strength and Ductility of Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel Explained Shamsujjoha, Md.; Agnew, Sean R.; Fitz-Gerald, James M. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 49, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-018-4607-2	journal	April 2018
On the Thermal Stability of Dislocation Cellular Structures in Additively Manufactured Austenitic Stainless Steels: Roles of Heavy Element Segregation and Stacking Fault Energy Deng, Pu; Yin, Houshang; Song, Miao JOM, Vol. 72, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04427-7	journal	October 2020
Substructure of type 316 stainless steel deformed in slow tension at temperatures between 21° and 816°C Michel, D. J.; Moteff, J.; Lovell, A. J. Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 21, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(73)90168-5	journal	September 1973
Dislocation wall and cell structures and long-range internal stresses in deformed metal crystals Mughrabi, H. Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 31, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(83)90007-X	journal	September 1983
A two-parameter description of heterogeneous dislocation distributions in deformed metal crystals Mughrabi, H. Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 85 https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416(87)90463-0	journal	January 1987
Properties of Austenitic Steels for Nuclear Reactor Applications Maziasz, P. J.; Busby, J. T. Comprehensive Nuclear Materials https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-056033-5.00019-7	book	February 2012
Subgrain size in view of the composite model of dislocation structure Orlová, Alena Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 297, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01697-X	journal	January 2001
A thermodynamic theory for dislocation cell formation and misorientation in metals Galindo-Nava, E. I.; Rivera-Díaz-del-Castillo, P. E. J. Acta Materialia, Vol. 60, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2012.05.003	journal	June 2012
Additive manufacturing of metals Herzog, Dirk; Seyda, Vanessa; Wycisk, Eric Acta Materialia, Vol. 117 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.07.019	journal	September 2016
The significance of spatial length scales and solute segregation in strengthening rapid solidification microstructures of 316L stainless steel Pinomaa, Tatu; Lindroos, Matti; Walbrühl, Martin Acta Materialia, Vol. 184 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2019.10.044	journal	February 2020
Origin of dislocation structures in an additively manufactured austenitic stainless steel 316L Bertsch, K. M.; Meric de Bellefon, G.; Kuehl, B. Acta Materialia, Vol. 199 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2020.07.063	journal	October 2020
New insights on cellular structures strengthening mechanisms and thermal stability of an austenitic stainless steel fabricated by laser powder-bed-fusion Voisin, Thomas; Forien, Jean-Baptiste; Perron, Aurelien Acta Materialia, Vol. 203 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2020.11.018	journal	January 2021
Heat treatment effect on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel fabricated by selective laser melting for proton exchange membrane fuel cells Kong, Decheng; Ni, Xiaoqing; Dong, Chaofang Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 276 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.04.188	journal	June 2018
Transformation of austenite to duplex austenite-ferrite assembly in annealed stainless steel 316L consolidated by laser melting Saeidi, K.; Gao, X.; Lofaj, F. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 633 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.01.249	journal	June 2015
Intragranular cellular segregation network structure strengthening 316L stainless steel prepared by selective laser melting Zhong, Yuan; Liu, Leifeng; Wikman, Stefan Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 470 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.12.034	journal	March 2016
Creep behavior of 316 L stainless steel manufactured by laser powder bed fusion Li, Meimei; Zhang, Xuan; Chen, Wei-Ying Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 548 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.152847	journal	May 2021
Mechanical behavior of additively manufactured and wrought 316L stainless steels before and after neutron irradiation Byun, T. S.; Garrison, B. E.; McAlister, M. R. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 548 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.152849	journal	May 2021
In situ high-energy X-ray study of deformation mechanisms in additively manufactured 316L stainless steel Zhang, Xuan; Kenesei, Peter; Park, Jun-Sang Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 549 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.152874	journal	June 2021
Revealing relationships between porosity, microstructure and mechanical properties of laser powder bed fusion 316L stainless steel through heat treatment Ronneberg, Tobias; Davies, Catrin M.; Hooper, Paul A. Materials & Design, Vol. 189 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108481	journal	April 2020
Hardened austenite steel with columnar sub-grain structure formed by laser melting Saeidi, K.; Gao, X.; Zhong, Y. Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 625 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2014.12.018	journal	February 2015
Correlation between process parameters, microstructure and properties of 316 L stainless steel processed by selective laser melting Kurzynowski, Tomasz; Gruber, Konrad; Stopyra, Wojciech Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 718 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.01.103	journal	March 2018
Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of 316L steel synthesized by selective laser melting Salman, O. O.; Gammer, C.; Chaubey, A. K. Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 748 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.01.110	journal	March 2019
Enhancement of an additive-manufactured austenitic stainless steel by post-manufacture heat-treatment Chen, Nan; Ma, Guoqiang; Zhu, Wanquan Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 759 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.04.111	journal	June 2019
Variation of elastic mechanical properties with texture, porosity, and defect characteristics in laser powder bed fusion 316L stainless steel Garlea, E.; Choo, H.; Sluss, C. C. Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 763 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.138032	journal	August 2019
Steels in additive manufacturing: A review of their microstructure and properties Bajaj, P.; Hariharan, A.; Kini, A. Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 772 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.138633	journal	January 2020
Transformational Challenge Reactor preconceptual core design studies Betzler, B. R.; Ade, B. J.; Wysocki, A. J. Nuclear Engineering and Design, Vol. 367 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2020.110781	journal	October 2020
Microstructural investigation of Selective Laser Melting 316L stainless steel parts exposed to laser re-melting Yasa, E.; Kruth, J-P. Procedia Engineering, Vol. 19 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.130	journal	January 2011
Characterization of nano-scale oxides in austenitic stainless steel processed by powder bed fusion Yan, Fuyao; Xiong, Wei; Faierson, Eric Scripta Materialia, Vol. 155 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2018.06.011	journal	October 2018
Strengthening and hardening mechanisms of additively manufactured stainless steels: The role of cell sizes Li, Zan; He, Bo; Guo, Qiang Scripta Materialia, Vol. 177 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2019.10.005	journal	March 2020
Additively manufactured hierarchical stainless steels with high strength and ductility Wang, Y. Morris; Voisin, Thomas; McKeown, Joseph T. Nature Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat5021	journal	October 2017
Simultaneously enhanced strength and ductility for 3D-printed stainless steel 316L by selective laser melting Sun, Zhongji; Tan, Xipeng; Tor, Shu Beng NPG Asia Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41427-018-0018-5	journal	April 2018
Austenitic stainless steel strengthened by the in situ formation of oxide nanoinclusions Saeidi, Kamran; Kvetková, Lenka; Lofaj, František RSC Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA16721J	journal	January 2015
Dislocation Cell Formation in Metals Holt, David L. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 41, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1659399	journal	July 1970
Relationship between Small‐Angle Dislocation Boundaries and Creep Ancker, Betsy; Hazlett, Thomas H.; Parker, Earl R. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 27, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1722371	journal	April 1956
Long-range internal stresses and asymmetric X-ray line-broadening in tensile-deformed [001]-orientated copper single crystals Mughrabi, H.; Ungár, T.; Kienle, W. Philosophical Magazine A, Vol. 53, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1080/01418618608245293	journal	June 1986
Critical assessment 19: stacking fault energies of austenitic steels Lee, Y. -K.; Lee, S. -J.; Han, J. Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 32, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/02670836.2015.1114252	journal	January 2016
Microstructure, Solidification Texture, and Thermal Stability of 316 L Stainless Steel Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Krakhmalev, Pavel; Fredriksson, Gunnel; Svensson, Krister Metals, Vol. 8, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.3390/met8080643	journal	August 2018

Similar Records

Assessment of the Material Performance for TCR Applications (Progress Report)

Technical Report · 2020 · OSTI ID:1608042

Li, Meimei; Zhang, Xuan; Chen, Wei-Ying; +1 more

Progress Report on the Assessment of the Material Performance for TCR Applications

Technical Report · 2020 · OSTI ID:1701716

Li, Meimei; Zhang, Xuan; Chen, Wei-Ying; +1 more

Characterization of in-situ and ex-situ ion-irradiated additively manufactured 316L and 316H stainless steels

Journal Article · 2025 · Journal of Nuclear Materials · OSTI ID:3013592

Chen, Wei-Ying; Taller, Stephen; Jokisaari, Andrea M.; +7 more

Related Subjects

316L stainless steel
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
additive manufacturing
creep
heat treatments
laser powder bed fusion

Title: Effect of heat treatment on creep behavior of 316 L stainless steel manufactured by laser powder bed fusion

Citation Formats

References (42)

Similar Records

Related Subjects