Generalized Analysis of Dynamic Flow Fouling on Heat Transfer Surfaces

Hatte, S.; Stoddard, R.; Pitchumani, R.

doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2022.122573

Title: Generalized Analysis of Dynamic Flow Fouling on Heat Transfer Surfaces

Journal Article · 03 February 2022 · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2022.122573 · OSTI ID:1960216

Hatte, S. ^[1]; Stoddard, R. ^[2]; Pitchumani, R. ^[2]

Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ. (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA (United States); Virginia Tech
Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ. (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA (United States)

Several energy applications involve flow of untreated heat transfer fluids that contain trace amounts of mineral salts, such as calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate, which show reverse solubility with temperature. The gradual accretion of these salts onto the heat transfer surfaces causes fouling that degrades thermal performance over time. While fouling of bare surfaces has been extensively studied, fouling of nonwetting superhydrophobic or liquid-infused surfaces is less understood, especially under dynamic flow conditions. This study presents a systematic experimental analysis to elucidate dynamic flow fouling of calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate on smooth, superhydrophobic and liquid-infused surfaces in a generalized manner. Here, copper tubes with modified inner surface wettability are fabricated and subjected to forced convection at different flow rates and fouling salt concentrations. Fouling characteristics of the two salts on the different surfaces are examined through microstructural analysis, and quantified in terms of asymptotic fouling resistance that measures the total extent of fouling, and a threshold time, which correlates to the onset of significant fouling. Using Taguchi design of experiments, the study reports, for the first time, closed-form analytical relationships for the asymptotic fouling thermal resistance and threshold time on the Reynolds number, dimensionless concentration of fouling agent and dimensionless infused liquid viscosity that represents the different surface types in a unified manner. It is shown that the analytical model accurately predicts the fouling characteristics in up to about 97% of the data, based on which contour maps of optimum surface designs for minimizing fouling resistance are presented. The results provide information on designing surfaces for reduced fouling or for estimating the fouling characteristics for a given surface in applications.

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Research Organization:: Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ. (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE)

Grant/Contract Number:: FE0031556

OSTI ID:: 1960216

Journal Information:: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Journal Name: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer Vol. 188; ISSN 0017-9310

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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