Revisiting Interior Water Mass Responses to Surface Forcing Changes and the Subsequent Effects on Overturning in the Southern Ocean
Abstract
Abstract Two coupled climate models, differing primarily in horizontal resolution and treatment of mesoscale eddies, were used to assess the impact of perturbations in wind stress and Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) melting on the Southern Ocean meridional overturning circulation (SO MOC), which plays an important role in global climate regulation. The largest impact is found in the SO MOC lower limb, associated with the formation of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), which in both models is enhanced by wind and weakened by AIS meltwater perturbations. Even though both models under the AIS melting perturbation show similar AABW transport reductions of 4–5 Sv (50%–60%), the volume deflation of AABW south of 30°S is four times greater in the higher resolution simulation (−20 vs. −5 Sv). Water mass transformation (WMT) analysis reveals that surface‐forced dense water formation on the Antarctic shelf is absent in the higher resolution and reduced by half in the lower resolution model in response to the increased AIS melting. However, the decline of the AABW volume (and its inter‐model difference) far exceeds the surface‐forced WMT changes alone, which indicates that the divergent model responses arise from interactions between changes in surface forcing and interior mixing processes. This model divergence demonstrates anmore »
- Authors:
-
[1];
[1];
[1];
[3];
[4]
- Princeton University Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program Princeton NJ USA, NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Princeton NJ USA
- Princeton University Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program Princeton NJ USA, NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Princeton NJ USA, Department of Earth and Environmental Science Temple University Philadelphia PA USA
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Princeton NJ USA
- Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore CA USA
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); National Science Foundation (NSF); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); UK Research and Innovation (UKRI); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Earth and Environmental Systems Science Division
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1959379
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1959382; OSTI ID: 1961758
- Report Number(s):
- LLNL-JRNL-836389
Journal ID: ISSN 2169-9275; e2022JC019105
- Grant/Contract Number:
- DE‐AC52‐07NA27344; AC52-07NA27344; B640108; PLR-1425989; 80NSSC19K1115; MR/W013835/1
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Geophysical Research. Oceans
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Journal of Geophysical Research. Oceans Journal Volume: 128 Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 2169-9275
- Publisher:
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Citation Formats
Tesdal, Jan‐Erik, MacGilchrist, Graeme A., Beadling, Rebecca L., Griffies, Stephen M., Krasting, John P., and Durack, Paul J. Revisiting Interior Water Mass Responses to Surface Forcing Changes and the Subsequent Effects on Overturning in the Southern Ocean. United States: N. p., 2023.
Web. doi:10.1029/2022JC019105.
Tesdal, Jan‐Erik, MacGilchrist, Graeme A., Beadling, Rebecca L., Griffies, Stephen M., Krasting, John P., & Durack, Paul J. Revisiting Interior Water Mass Responses to Surface Forcing Changes and the Subsequent Effects on Overturning in the Southern Ocean. United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JC019105
Tesdal, Jan‐Erik, MacGilchrist, Graeme A., Beadling, Rebecca L., Griffies, Stephen M., Krasting, John P., and Durack, Paul J. Thu .
"Revisiting Interior Water Mass Responses to Surface Forcing Changes and the Subsequent Effects on Overturning in the Southern Ocean". United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JC019105.
@article{osti_1959379,
title = {Revisiting Interior Water Mass Responses to Surface Forcing Changes and the Subsequent Effects on Overturning in the Southern Ocean},
author = {Tesdal, Jan‐Erik and MacGilchrist, Graeme A. and Beadling, Rebecca L. and Griffies, Stephen M. and Krasting, John P. and Durack, Paul J.},
abstractNote = {Abstract Two coupled climate models, differing primarily in horizontal resolution and treatment of mesoscale eddies, were used to assess the impact of perturbations in wind stress and Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) melting on the Southern Ocean meridional overturning circulation (SO MOC), which plays an important role in global climate regulation. The largest impact is found in the SO MOC lower limb, associated with the formation of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), which in both models is enhanced by wind and weakened by AIS meltwater perturbations. Even though both models under the AIS melting perturbation show similar AABW transport reductions of 4–5 Sv (50%–60%), the volume deflation of AABW south of 30°S is four times greater in the higher resolution simulation (−20 vs. −5 Sv). Water mass transformation (WMT) analysis reveals that surface‐forced dense water formation on the Antarctic shelf is absent in the higher resolution and reduced by half in the lower resolution model in response to the increased AIS melting. However, the decline of the AABW volume (and its inter‐model difference) far exceeds the surface‐forced WMT changes alone, which indicates that the divergent model responses arise from interactions between changes in surface forcing and interior mixing processes. This model divergence demonstrates an important source of uncertainty in climate modeling, and indicates that accurate shelf processes together with scenarios accounting for AIS melting are necessary for robust projections of the deep ocean's response to anthropogenic forcing.},
doi = {10.1029/2022JC019105},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research. Oceans},
number = 3,
volume = 128,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Mar 02 00:00:00 EST 2023},
month = {Thu Mar 02 00:00:00 EST 2023}
}
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