Nanotomographic observation and statistical analysis of overcharging induced cracks in LiCoO2 single crystalline particles

Hitt, Andrew; Wang, Fan; Li, Zeyuan; Ge, Mingyuan; Zhang, Youtian; Savsatli, Yavuz; Xiao, Xianghui; Lee, Wah-Keat; Stephens, Ryan; Tang, Ming

doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2022.08.011

Title: Nanotomographic observation and statistical analysis of overcharging induced cracks in LiCoO₂ single crystalline particles

Journal Article · 05 August 2022 · Energy Storage Materials

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2022.08.011 · OSTI ID:1924208

Hitt, Andrew ^[1]; Wang, Fan ^[1]; Li, Zeyuan ^[1]; Ge, Mingyuan ^[2]; Zhang, Youtian ^[1]; Savsatli, Yavuz ^[1]; Xiao, Xianghui ^[2]; Lee, Wah-Keat ^[2]; Stephens, Ryan ^[3];

^[1]

Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United States)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II)
Shell International Exploration and Production Inc., Houston, TX (United States)

Particle fracture represents an important mode of battery electrode degradation. Extensive cracking occurs in the layered oxide cathodes of lithium-ion rechargeable batteries when they are charged beyond safe operational voltages. In this paper, we analyze the morphology and distribution of cracks in over 100 overcharged LiCoO₂ (LCO) single-crystalline particles imaged via X-ray nanotomography. Herein, we observe a strong particle size dependence in both nucleation and growth of cracks, with percentage of cracked particles, crack size, and crack surface area per unit volume all increasing significantly with particle volume. Increasing the cutoff voltage above 4.6V is found to trigger much more pronounced crack growth, which we attribute to the large misfit stress caused by the H1-3 to O1 phase transition. This study offers valuable statistical insights into the fracture behavior of layered oxide cathodes and reveals the importance of particle size control on electromechanical degradation of battery electrodes.

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Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); Shell International Exploration and Production Inc.; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-98CH10886; SC0012704; SC0019111

OSTI ID:: 1924208

Report Number(s):: BNL-224002-2023-JAAM

Journal Information:: Energy Storage Materials, Journal Name: Energy Storage Materials Vol. 52; ISSN 2405-8297

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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25 ENERGY STORAGE
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
LiCoO2 cathode
battery degradation
cracking
lithium-ion batteries
overcharging
x-ray imaging

Title: Nanotomographic observation and statistical analysis of overcharging induced cracks in LiCoO2 single crystalline particles

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Title: Nanotomographic observation and statistical analysis of overcharging induced cracks in LiCoO₂ single crystalline particles