Title: Cradle-to-Grave Lifecycle Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Light-Duty Passenger Vehicles in China: Towards a Carbon-Neutral Future

Abstract

Vehicle electrification is considered a pathway for on-road transportation decarbonization in China. Different from the conventional gasoline vehicles whose emissions are mainly released from vehicle tailpipes, emissions of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are from the upstream processes of electricity generation and vehicle manufacturing, thus a comprehensive lifecycle analysis and comparison of BEVs with gasoline vehicles is required to quantify the emission mitigation benefit of vehicle electrification and determine the path to a carbon-neutral future. In the study, we compare the cradle-to-grave (C2G) lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions of gasoline and electric vehicles in China and analyze the greenhouse gas emission reduction of vehicle electrification in different provinces. Results show that under the current technologies, the national average C2G GHG emissions for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) of 100 miles (i.e., 160 km) and 300 miles (i.e., 480 km) all-electric range (AER) are 231 and 279 g CO₂eq/km, respectively, 22% and 5% lower than those for gasoline internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). Improving vehicle fuel efficiency by hybridizing gasoline ICEVs can effectively reduce C2G emissions to 212 g CO₂eq/km. At the provincial level, C2G GHG emissions of BEVs vary according to the provincial electricity mix. In eight provinces, C2G GHG emissions of BEVsmore » with 300 miles AER (BEV300s) are higher than those of gasoline ICEVs due to the GHG-intensive coal-based electricity mix. In the future scenario, with low carbon fuels (such as high-level bioethanol blending gasoline) and electricity decarbonization, the national average C2G emissions of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and BEV300s can be reduced to 55 and 73 g CO₂eq/km, respectively. Further decrease of C2G GHG emissions relies on reducing vehicle-cycle emissions from material processing and vehicle component manufacturing.« less

Authors:

Gan, Yu ;

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• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0001-7821-7400"

Lu, Zifeng ;

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He, Xin; Wang, Michael; Amer, Amer Ahmad

Publication Date:

Wed Feb 01 00:00:00 EST 2023

Research Org.:

Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:

USDOE; Aramco Services Company; U.S.–China Clean Energy Research Center (CERC-CVC)

OSTI Identifier:

1922962

Alternate Identifier(s):

OSTI ID: 1969726

Grant/Contract Number:  

DEAC02-06CH11357; AC02-06CH11357

Resource Type:

Published Article

Journal Name:

Sustainability (Basel)

Additional Journal Information:

Journal Name: Sustainability (Basel) Journal Volume: 15 Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 2071-1050

Publisher:

MDPI AG

Country of Publication:

Switzerland

Language:

English

Subject:

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS; lifecycle analysis; cradle-to-grave; decarbonization; electric vehicle; life cycle analysis