Major Ion Toxicity to Glochidia of Common and Imperiled Freshwater Mussel Species

Journal Article · 28 January 2022 · Diversity

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/d14020095 · OSTI ID:1909379

Bringolf, Robert B. ^[1]; Raines, Brenna K. ^[2]; Ratajczak, Robert E. ^[2]; Haskins, David Lee ^[3]

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1. Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States); University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory
2. Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States)
3. Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States); Savannah River Site (SRS), Aiken, SC (United States). Savannah River Ecology Lab. (SREL)

Freshwater mussel taxa are severely imperiled and among the most sensitive to several contaminants, including chloride. Relatively little is known of the toxicity of major ions to glochidia (larvae), particularly for rare species, or the effects of hardness on major ion toxicity to glochidia. Therefore, the primary objectives of this work were to: (1) determine the acute toxicity of major ion salts to glochidia, (2) compare chloride sensitivity of glochidia from common and rare species, and (3) evaluate the relationship between water hardness and chloride toxicity to glochidia. We assessed 24 h EC50s for fatmucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea) glochidia exposed to NaCl, KCl, MgCl₂, CaCl₂, Na₂SO4, MgSO₄, CaSO₄, and NaHCO₃ in moderately hard water. We determined NaCl EC50s for four species and KCl EC50s for glochidia of three species. Toxicity of chloride was generally consistent among the various chloride salts except for KCl, which was more toxic than all others by 1–2 orders of magnitude. Our results suggest that commonly tested species may be generally representative of rare species. Water hardness ameliorated the toxicity of chloride for all species to varying degrees. Results of this work indicate that some existing water quality criteria that do not include mussel toxicity data may not be protective of freshwater mussels.

• Research Organization: Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL), Aiken, SC (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE Office of Environmental Management (EM); University of Georgia Research Foundation
• Grant/Contract Number: EM0005228
• OSTI ID: 1909379
• Journal Information: Diversity, Journal Name: Diversity Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 14; ISSN 1424-2818
• Publisher: MDPICopyright Statement
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English