Lignin-based jet fuel and its blending effect with conventional jet fuel

Yang, Zhibin; Xu, Zhangyang; Feng, Maoqi; Cort, John R.; Gieleciak, Rafal; Heyne, Joshua S.; Yang, Bin

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124040

Title: Lignin-based jet fuel and its blending effect with conventional jet fuel

Journal Article · 04 April 2022 · Fuel

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124040 · OSTI ID:1907924

Yang, Zhibin ^[1];

^[2]; Feng, Maoqi ^[2];

^[3]; Gieleciak, Rafal ^[4]; Heyne, Joshua S. ^[1]; Yang, Bin ^[5]

University of Dayton, OH (United States)
Washington State University, Pullman, WA (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
CanmetENERGY, Devon (Canada)
Washington State University, Pullman, WA (United States); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) must demonstrate specific physical and chemical properties as well as material compatibility (i.e., seal swell) to be used as an aviation turbine fuel. Several alternative jet fuels incorporated in ASTM D7566 are comprised mainly of n/iso-alkanes and can only be blended up to 50 vol% due to material compatibility and density issues. Prior work illustrated the ability of cycloalkanes to replace aromatics’s role in material compatibility. Here, we report the first archival documentation of a feedstock and chemical process to yield a product composition able to complement existing SAF ASTM D7566 annexes. A lignin-based jet fuel (LJF) blend components is generated and composed of mostly C7-C18 mono, di, and tri-cycloalkanes. The neat LJF was blended with conventional jet fuel at 10 vol% (LJF blend) to simulate an ASTM “Fast Track” evaluation process. Fuel properties that are critical to engine operability (ATSM D4054 Tier 3 & 4) were either predicted or experimental tested based on the volume availability. All LJF blend’s critical properties fall within the experience range of conventional jet fuel, with o-ring swelling exceeding the typical range of conventional fuels. Here, these results in total support the potential use of this LJF pathway to complement other SAF pathways and achieve 100% drop-in SAF.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE); Washington State University; Federal Aviation Administration (FAA); Office of Energy Research and Development (OERD); Canadian Forest Service (CFS)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830; EE0009257; EE0007104; EE0008250

OSTI ID:: 1907924

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-168716; {"","Journal ID: ISSN 0016-2361"}

Journal Information:: Fuel, Journal Name: Fuel Vol. 321; ISSN 0016-2361

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Lignin-based jet fuel and its blending effect with conventional jet fuel

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